Chapter 4 Flashcards
(61 cards)
1
Q
Collective rights
A
Rights guaranteed to specific groups in Canadian society for historical or constitutional reasons
- Anglophones
- Francophones
- Aboriginal peoples (First Nations, Métis, Inuit)
2
Q
Collective identity
A
- Shared identity of group of people (especially because of common language and culture)
3
Q
Affirm
A
- Validate and express commitment to something
4
Q
First Nations
A
- Umbrella name for diverse Aboriginal peoples
5
Q
Indian
A
- Europeans used to describe the FNs of North America
- Many FNs prefer not to use term cause they have diverse names
- Word used in keeping with name used during negotiating if treaties
- Constitution uses term to refer to FNs
6
Q
Sovereignty
A
- Independence as a people
- Right to self-government
7
Q
Annuity
A
- Annual payment
- Under NTs, mostly symbolic today
8
Q
What do the members of Treaty 8 receive each year?
A
$5.00
9
Q
Reserve
A
- Land for exclusive use for FNs
10
Q
Entrenching
A
- Fixing firmly within
11
Q
Patriate
A
- Bring to country something that belongs to country
12
Q
Primary source
A
- creation by people who see or participate in event
- Record reactions to event immediately after event
13
Q
Secondary source
A
- Creation by someone not present at event
- Interpretations of events that already occurred
14
Q
Assimilate
A
- Become part of different cultural group
15
Q
Ethnocentrism
A
- Believing ones culture superior to all other cultures
16
Q
Indian Act
A
- Federal legislation related to rights and status of FNs first passed in 1876 and amended several times
17
Q
FNs must be … in order to receive Treaty rights.
A
“status Indians”
18
Q
Anglophone
A
- Person whose first language is English
19
Q
Francophone
A
- Person whose first language is French
20
Q
Official language community
A
- One of groups in Canadian society whose members speak an official language of Canada as first language
21
Q
Official language minority
A
- Group speaking one of Canada’s official languages and does not make up majority population of province/territory
22
Q
Publicly funded
A
- Paid for by taxes and provided by government
23
Q
Inherent rights
A
- Rights with origins in fundamental justice
24
Q
Autonomy
A
- Authority to make decisions
25
Collective rights facts
- Entrenched in Canada’s constitution
- Affirms collective identity of groups in society
- Creates society where people of different identities belong
- Laws affecting these create opportunities and challenges for Canadians
- Part of dynamic relationship between Canada’s gov and Canadian citizens
- Recognize founding peoples of Canada
- Canada wouldn’t exist today without contribution
- Come from roots in land and history
26
Numbered Treaties
- Historic agreements affecting rights and identity of some FNs in Canada
- Agreements between Queen and FNs
27
Royal Proclamation
- 1763
- Made at end of Seven Years’ War
- Britain sought to establish control over lands in North America formerly claimed by France
- Recognized FN’s rights to land
- Established principle of making treaties with FNs through peaceful negotiation
28
NTs roots in …
Royal Proclamation
29
NTs facts
- FNs agreed to share lands and resources in peace
- Canada’s gov agreed to terms covering FNs’ education, reserves, annuities etc.
- Sacred to FNs
- Cannot be changed without FNs
- Treaty rights and citizenship go together for FNs now and in past and future
30
Terms of Treaties 6,7,8
- Treaty 6 = health care, education, hunting and fishing rights, reserves, farming assistance, payments, annuities, special benefits
- Treaty 7 = education, hunting and fishing rights, reserves, farming assistance, payments, annuities, special benefits
- Treaty 8 = health care, hunting and fishing rights, reserves, farming assistance, payments, annuities, special benefits
31
Treaty 6 date
1876-1899
32
Treaty 7 date
1877
33
Treaty 8 date
1899
34
Treaty 1 date
1871
35
Treaty 2 date
1871
36
Treaty 3 date
1873
37
Treaty 4 date
1874
38
Treaty 5 date
1875
39
Treaty 9 date
1905
40
Treaty 10 date
1906-1907
41
Treaty 11 date
1921
42
Did all FNs sign treaties?
- No
| - Section 35 affirms collective rights in constitution
43
Reasons FNs in west and Canada negotiated NTs
- Railway linking B.C. to rest of Canada and open up immigration to west (B.C. joined Confed. on condition it’d be built)
- Avoid war like in U.S.
- FNs wanted to secure future (facing economic np social upheaval from smallpox epidemics, Buffalo eradication, end of fur trade, pressures of European settlement)
- Royal Proc. recognized FNs rights to their lands claimed by Britain
44
What did Canadians believe FNs did under Treaties?
- Gave up land
45
FNs perspective on land
- not something anyone can “own” or “give up”
46
Recording of treaties and what is wrong
- FNs recorded in oral histories in own languages
- Canada’s gov recorded in English
- Oral and written records disagree on key aspects
47
Medal on pg.129
- Canada’s gov struck medals for commemoration of NTs
- 1874 Treaty 6 one
- Two ppl shaking hands
- Symbolizes Canada’s gov and FNs as equals
48
Alexander Morris
- Paternal kinda of figure in his opinion
- Implying FNs need guidance
- Ethnocentric undertone
- Modernize FNs homes
- Says they retain values but with “Queens gift” = civilization basically
- Uses “Indians”
49
Circles on young girls heads represent …
- the cycle of the sun from sunrise to sunset
50
Policy
- Describes gov objectives within law
51
Law
- Describes principles or conditions that must be followed
52
Residential schools year
1879 - 1996
53
Residential schools who
- Canada’s gov commissioned MP Nicholas Davin for recommending how to provide FNs education while assimilating
- Davin Report recommended
54
Residential schools
- Removed children from families
- Disrupted connections to languages, cultures, identities
- Allowed “aggressive civilization”
55
What has Canada’s gov begun to do for former residential school students?
- Compensate for trauma suffered
56
1939
- FNs in AB organized Indian Association of Alberta
57
Aims of Indian Association of AB
1. To maintain treaty rights.
2. To advance the social and economic welfare of Indian peoples.
3. To secure better educational facilities and opportunities.
4. To cooperate with federal, provincial, and local governments for the benefit of Indians.
58
Justin Trudeau/Constitution and collective rights
- Aboriginals needed to be equal under law as other Canadians
- Laws that set them apart as obstacles to equality
- Aboriginals saw as affirmations of identity
59
Nunavut Land Claim Agreement
- 1993
| - Inuit title to more than 350 000 square km in Nunavut
60
Laws affirming collective rights
- Treaties 6,7,8
- Indian Act
- Official Bilingualism
- Minority Language Education Rights
- Manitoba Act
- Section 35, Constitution Act
61
Legislation relating to collective rights
- Canada’s Constitution
| -
