Chapter 4: Body Tissues Flashcards
(72 cards)
1
Q
What are the 4 types of body tissues?
A
- Epithelial tissue
- Connective tissue
- Muscle tissue
- Nervous tissue
2
Q
- Found in body linings, glandular tissue
A
Epithelial
3
Q
- Cells fit closely together
- Regenerate easily if well nourished
- Avascular (have no blood supply)
A
Epithelial
4
Q
What are the functions of epithelial tissue?
A
Protection
Absorption
Filtration
Secretion
5
Q
In epithelial tissue, what is the lower surface bounded by?
A
Basement membrane or a structure-less material secreted by the cells
6
Q
What are the classification of epithelial cell, in terms of the NUMBER OF CELL LAYER?
A
Simple and Stratified
7
Q
Single layer of cells
A
Simple
8
Q
Multiple tiers of cells
A
Stratified
9
Q
What are the classifications of epithelial tissue, in terms of the SHAPE OF TH CELLS?
A
Cuboidal
Columnar
Squamous
10
Q
cubic shape like dice
A
Cuboidal
11
Q
Column shape like brick
A
Columnar
12
Q
Flat shape like floor tiles
A
Squamous
13
Q
- Single layer of flat cells
- Usually forms membranes where filtration or exchange occurs
- Lines body cavities – serous membranes
- Lines lungs and capillaries
A
Simple squamous epithelium
14
Q
Simple squamous epithelium
A
- Single layer of flat cells
- Filtration or exchange occurs
- Forms body linings to cavities - serous membrane
- Linings to lungs and capillaries
15
Q
- Single layer of cube-like cells
- Common in gland and their ducts
- Forms walls of kidney tubules
- Covers the ovaries
A
Simple cuboidal epithelium
16
Q
Simple cuboidal epithelium
A
- single layer of cube-like cells
- common in glands and their ducts
- forms walls in kidney tubules
- covers ovaries
17
Q
- Single layer of tall cells that fit closely together
- Common in gland and their ducts
- Often includes goblet cells, which produce mucus
- Lines digestive tract
- Mucosae – mucous membranes line body cavities open to the body exterior
A
Simple columnar epithelium
18
Q
Simple columnar epithelium
A
- single layers of tall cells which fits closely together
- lines digestive tract
- common in glands and their ducts
- includes goblet cells, which produces mucus
- Mucosae - mucous membrane lines body cavities open to the body exterior
19
Q
- Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others
- Often looks like a double cell layer
- Sometimes ciliated, such as in the respiratory tract
- May function in absorption or secretion
A
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
20
Q
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
A
- single layer, but some cells looks shorter than others
- often looks like double cell layer
- sometimes ciliated, such as in the respiratory tract
- may function in absorption or secretion
21
Q
- Cells at the free edge are flattened while cells close to the basement membrane are cuboidal or columnar
- Found as a protective covering where friction is common
- Locations: skin, mouth, esophagus
A
Stratified squamous epithelium
22
Q
Stratified squamous epithelium
A
- cells at the free edge are flat cells but cells near the basement membrane are cuboidal or columnar
- protective covering where friction is common
- location: skin, mouth, esophagus
23
Q
Two layers of cuboidal cells
A
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
24
Q
surface cells are columnar cells underneath vary in size and shape
A
Stratified columnar epithelium
25
- found mainly in ducts of large glands
- rare in human body
Stratified cuboidal and columnar epithelium
26
- Shape of cells depends upon the amount of stretching
- Cells of the basal layers are cuboidal or columnar while those at the free surface vary
- Lines organs of the urinary system
Transitional epithelium
27
Glands are specialized cells that give out specific secretions
glandular epithelium
28
No duct system
Endocrine
29
to release products
Exocrine
30
What are the 10 types of epithelial tissue?
1. Simple Squamous Epithelium
2. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
3. Simple Columnar Epithelium
4. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
5. Stratified Squamous Epithelium
6. Stratified Coboidal Epithelium
7. Stratified Columnar Epithelium
8. Stratified Cuboidal and Columnar Epithelium
9. Transitional Epithelium
10. Glandular Epithelium
31
- extracellular fibers
- amorphous matrix: ground substance
- stationary and migrating cells
Connective tissue
32
What are the functions of connective tissue?
1. Binds body tissues together
2. Supports the body
3. Protection
33
What are the 3 components of connective tissue?
1. Extracellular fibers
2. Ground substance
3. Cells of connective tissue
34
Non-living material that surrounds the living cell
Extracellular fibers
35
Mosly water along with adhesion proteins and polysaccharide molecules
Ground substance
36
- Stationary and migrating cells
Cells of connective tissue
37
What are the two types of stationary cells?
1. Fibroblasts
2. Adipose
38
What are the 6 types of migrating cells?
1. Mast cells
2. Macrophages
3. Monocytes
4. Lymphocytes
5. Plasma cells
6. Eosinophils
39
9 locations of connective tissue
1. Bone
2. Hyaline cartilage
3. Fibrocartilage
4. Elastic cartilage
5. Dense connective tissue
6. Areolar connective tissue
7. Adipose tissue
8. Reticular connective tissue
9. Blood
40
used to protect and support the body
Bone
41
Composed of:
- bone cells in lacunae (cavities)
- hard matrix of calcium salts
- large number of collagen fibers
bone
42
most comon cartilage, entire fetal skeleton
hyaline cartilage
43
Composed of:
- abundant collagen fibers
- rubbery matrix
Hyaline cartilage
44
highly compressible
Fibrocartilage
45
Forms cushion-like discs between vertebrae
Fibrocartilage
46
Provides elasticity
Elastic cartilage
47
supports the external ear
Elastic cartilage
48
- main matrix elements is collagen fibers
- crowded between are fibroblasts
Dense connective tissue
49
Attach muscle to bone
Tendon
50
Attach bone to bone
Ligaments
51
universal packaging tissue and connective tissue glue
Areolar connective tissue
52
- most widely distributed connective tissue
- soft, pliable tissue
- contains all fiber types
- can soak up excess fluid
Areolar connective tissue
53
- matrix is an areolar tissue in which fat globules predominate
- many cells contain large lipid deposits
Adipose tissue
54
adipose tissue functions:
insulate
protects some organs
serve as a site of fuel storage
55
Delicate network of interwoven fibers
- forms stroma (internal supporting network of lymphoid organs)
Reticular connective tissue
56
- lymph nodes
- spleen
- bone marrow
Reticular connective tissue
57
transport vehicle for materials
- surrounded by fluid matrix
- fibers are visible during clotting
Blood
58
makes up 40% of a mammal's body weight
composed of elongated cells
Muscle
59
what are the functions of muscle tissues?
For movement and locomotion
60
3 types of muscle tissue
1. Skeletal
2. Cardiac
3. Smooth
61
- attached to bones or (some facial muscles) to skin
Skeletal
62
- single
- very long
- cylindrical
- multinucleate cells with obvious striations
Skeletal
63
walls of the heart
Cardiac
64
branching chains of cells uni-or binucleate striations
Cardiac
65
Single-unit muscle in walls of hollow vinceral organs
Multiunit muscle in intrinsic eye muscles, airways, large arteries
Smooth
66
single, fusiform, uninucleate; no striations
Smooth
67
neurons and nerve supporting cells (those that insulate, support, and protect neurons)
Nervous
68
What are the functions of nervous tissues?
To receive and send impulse to other areas of the body:
- irritability
- conductivity
69
3 types of tissue repair
1. Regeneration
2. Fibrosis
3. Determination of method
70
Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells
Regeneration
71
Repair by dense fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue)
Fibrosis
72
2 determination of method
1. type of tissue damaged
2. severity of the injury
