Chapter 5: Integumentary System Flashcards
(73 cards)
1
Q
basic facts about skin
A
- cutaneous membrane
- 16% of total body weight
- fist accessory structures
2
Q
What are the 6 functions of the skin?
A
- Protection
- Excretion
- Production
- Synthesis
- Storage
- Sensation
3
Q
against invading pathogens
A
Protection
4
Q
salts, water, and inorganic wastes
A
Excretion
5
Q
different proteins (melanin, keratin)
A
Production
6
Q
vitamin D
A
Synthesis
7
Q
temporary storage of fats
A
Storage
8
Q
detections of touch, pressure, pain, etc.
A
Sensation
9
Q
3 cells of epidermis
A
- Keratinocytes
- Melanocytes and langerhans
- Avascular
10
Q
a tough fibrous protein that also forms the structural component of hairs and nails
A
Keratinocytes
11
Q
contains 4 layers of keratinocytes
A
Thin skin
12
Q
contains 5 layers (found in palms and sole)
A
Thick skin
13
Q
5 layers of epidermis
A
- Stratum corneum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum grabulosum
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum basale (Germinativum)
14
Q
- Exposed surfaces of both thick and thin skin
- 15 to 30 layers of keratinocytes
- Excessive sloughing from the surface is called dandruff
A
Stratum corneum
15
Q
thick skin of palm and soles
A
Stratum lucidum
16
Q
3 to 5 layers derived from stratum spinosum
A
Stratum grabulosum
17
Q
8 to 10 spiny layers that contains densritic cells
A
stratum spinosum
18
Q
- deepest layer
- forms the epidermal ridges
A
Stratum basale (germinativum)
19
Q
in skin subjected to friction, number of layers in the stratum cirneum greatly increases, producing a thickened area
A
callus
20
Q
- lies between the epidermis and sucutaneous layer
- contains the accessory structure
- contains network of blood vessels and nerve fibers
A
Dermis
21
Q
2 layers of dermis
A
- Papillary layer
- Reticular layer
22
Q
- consists of areolar tissue
Contains: - capillaries
- lymphatic vessels
- sensory nerve fibers that supply the surface of the skin
A
Papillary layer
23
Q
- consists of dense irregular connective tissue
Contains: - collagen (strong and resist stretching)
- elastic fiber (permits stretching)
A
Reticular layer
24
Q
3 Accessory structures
A
Hair
Nails
Glands
25
Keratinous filament growingg out of the epidermis
Hair
26
Originates in an epidermal penetration of the dermis called_______
Hair follicle
27
Hair texture (straight, curly) is determined by the shape and strcuture of the _______
Cortex and medulla
28
What are the 7 parts of the nail?
1. Free edge
2. Nail plate
3. Hyponychium
4. Nail bed
5. Lunula
6. Cuticle
7. Matrix
29
the end portion of the nail
Free edge
30
visible portion that rest on the nail bed
Nail plate
31
skin under the free edge
Hyponychium
32
portion of the skin where nail plates rests
Nail bed
33
seen as a half-moon located at base of nail
Lunula
34
overlapping skin at the base of the nails
Cuticle
35
where new cells formed
Matrix
36
3 types of glands
1. Sudoriferous glands (sweat glands)
2. Sebaceous glands
3. Ceraminous glands
37
2 types of sweat glands
1. Eccrine sweat glands
2. Aprocrine sweat glands
38
- found in every region of the skin
- produce secretion of water and sodium chloride
Eccrine sweat glands
39
Found in axillary and pubic regions
Apocrine sweat glands
40
produce an oily secretion known as sebum, carried through ducts to the surface of the skin or to hair follicles
Sebaceous glands
41
- Found only in the dermis of the ear canals
- Produce a waxy secretion known as cerumen to protect the ear canals and lubricate the eardrum
Ceruminous glands
42
• Also known as cornification
• Process of keratin accumulating within keratinocytes
• Begin their life as offspring of the stem cells of the stratum basale
Keratinization
43
• Being the body’s outmost organ, the skin is able to regulate the body’s temperature by controlling how the body interacts with its environment
Temperature homeostasis
44
secreted to control body temperature
- Sweat
- Vasodilation
- Vasoconstriction
45
• An essential vitamin necessary for the absorption of calcium from food, is produced by ultraviolet (UV) light striking the skin
- Sterol molecule known as 7-dehydrocholesterol to calcitriol
Vitamin D
46
• Minor mechanical damage from rough or sharp objects is mostly absorbed by the skin before it can damage the underlying tissues
Protection
47
3 pigments of skin color
1. Melanin
2. Carotene
3. Hemoglobin
48
Brown or black pigment produced by melanocytes to protect skin from UV radiation
melanin
49
yellow or orange cast
Carotene
50
red pigment found in red blood cells
Hemoglobin
51
• Skin allows the body to sense its external environment by picking up signals for touch, pressure, vibration, temperature, and pain
Cutaneous sensation
52
6 common integumentary diseases
1. Contact dermatitis
2. Blisters
3. Skin cancer (melanoma)
4. Skin infections (cellulitis)
5. Skin rashes (dry skin)
6. Skin disorders (acne, eczema, psoriasis)
53
over a bony prominence, the stratum corneum can thicken to form a cone-shaped structure
Corn
54
skin is overstretched
Stretch marks
55
upper part of the dermis which extend toward the spidermis
dermal papillae
56
Drawing the skin taut and inserting a small needle at a shallow angle into the dermis; tuberculin test
Intradermal injection
57
pinching the skin to form a tent and inserting a short needle into the adipose tissue of the subcutaneous tissue; insulin injection
Subcutaneous injection
58
Inserting a long needle at a 90-degree angle to the skin into a muscle deep to the subcutaneous tissue; used for vaccines and certain antibiotics
Intramuscular injection
59
- produces melanin
- determined by genetic factors, exposure to light, and hormones
Melanocytes
60
- within melanocytes
- golgi apparatuses package melanin into vesicles
melanosomes
61
recessive genetic trait that causes a deficiency or an absence of melain
- fair skin, white hair, unpigmented irises in the eyes
Albinism
62
Decrease in the blood o2 content produces a bluish color of the skin
Cyanosis
63
yellowish skin color
- liver is damaged by a disease such as viral hepatitis
Jaundice
64
- injury to a tissue caused by heat, cold, friction, chemicals, elextricity, or radiation
Burn
65
- part of the stratum basale remains viable, regeneration of the epidermis occurs from within the burn area, as well as from the edges of the burn
Partial-thickness burns
66
- only the epidermis are red and painful
- slight edema or swelling may be present
- caused by sunburn or brief exposure to very hot or very cold objects
- heal without scarring in about a week
first-degree burns
67
- damages both the epidermis and the dermis
- If dermal damage is minimal – redness, pain, edema, and blisters
- Healing = 2 weeks, no scarring results
- If the burn goes deep into the dermis – wound appears red, tan, or white
- Heal = take several months
- Might scar
- Epidermis, including the stratum basale where stem cells are found, is damaged
Second-degree burns
68
- Appear white, tan, brown, black, or deep cherry red
- Take a long time to heal and form scar tissue with disfiguring and debilitating wound contracture
full-thickness/third-degree burns
69
most frequest type of cancer; begins with cells in the stratum basale and extends into the dermis to produce an open ulcer
Basal cell carcinoma
70
develops from cells immediately superficial to the stratum basale
Squamous cell carcinoma
71
- rare form of skincamcer that arises from melanocytes, usually in a preexisting mole
Malignant melanoma
72
- longer wave length- tanning of the skin
- development of malignant melanoma
UVA
73
- causes most burning of the skin
- development of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas
UVB
