chapter 4---chem 103

Question 1

molarity

Answer 1

number of moles of a substance (solute) dissolved in enough solvent to make 1L of solution

Question 2

molarity formula

Answer 2

moles of substance/liters of solution

Question 3

what is the solvent

Answer 3

what the substance is dissolved in

Question 4

what is the solute

Answer 4

the concentrated solution that is placed in the solvent

Question 5

electrolytes

Answer 5

Substances that dissolve in water to produce conducting solutions of ions

Question 6

nonelectrolytes

Answer 6

substances that don’t produce ions in an aqueous solution

Question 7

dissociates

Answer 7

compound that splits apart when in water

Question 8

strong electrolyte

Answer 8

compounds that dissociate to a large extent (70-100%)

Question 9

weak electrolytes

Answer 9

Compounds that dissociate in a small extent

Question 10

Precipitation reactions

Answer 10

soluble reactants form an insoluble solid (precipitate)

typically occurs when anions and cations switch partners

Question 11

Acid-base neutralization reactions

Answer 11

Acid reacts with a base to yield a water and salt

Question 12

oxidation reduction reaction/redox reactions

Answer 12

1+ electrons are transferred between reaction partners

EX: Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) —-> MgCl2(aq) + H2 (g

Question 13

molecular equation

Answer 13

written using complete formulas as if they were in moles w/ state abbreviation

Question 14

ionic equation

Answer 14

all ions are explicitly shown

Question 15

spectator ion

Answer 15

on both sides of the reaction to balance

Question 16

net ionic equation

Answer 16

remove spectator ions from the equation

Question 17

solubility

Answer 17

how much a compound can result in amount of solvent at a given temperature

Question 18

Low solubility typically forms what type of a state

Answer 18

precipitate (s)

Question 19

what measurement determines whether a concentration is soluble

Answer 19

0.01 M or greater

Question 20

Every acid has what element in it

Answer 20

hydrogen

Question 21

acid

Answer 21

substance that dissociates with water to give hydrogen ions (H+)

Question 22

base

Answer 22

substance that dissociates in water to give hydroxide ions (HO-)

Question 23

Strong acids

Answer 23

acids that dissociate to a large extent

Question 24

weak acids

Answer 24

acids that dissociate to a small extent

Question 25

monoprotic acid

Answer 25

provides only one H+ ion

Question 26

diprotic acid

Answer 26

provides 2 H+ ions

Question 27

triprotic acid

Answer 27

provides 3 H+ ions

Question 28

weak base

Answer 28

small extent

Question 29

strong base

Answer 29

large extent

Question 30

oxoacids

Answer 30

Acids containing oxygen and hydrogen and another element

Question 31

oxoanion

Answer 31

Message with oxygen and other elements that are form from being dissolved in water

Question 32

when naming and acid, how do oxoacids and oxoanions correspond?

Answer 32

- ous —> -ite | - ic —> -ate

Question 33

if an acid ends in -ous, what does that have anything to its oxygen?

Answer 33

has fewer oxygens

Question 34

if an acid ends in -ic, what does that have anything to its oxygen?

Answer 34

has more oxygens (than ous ones)

Question 35

When an acid is dissolved in water what does it form

Answer 35

polyatomic ions

Question 36

how are non-oxygen acids named

Answer 36

“hydro” prefix “ic acid” suffix EX: hydrochloric acid

Question 37

neutralization reactions always end with what in its product

Answer 37

h2o

Question 38

titration

Answer 38

Procedure for determine the concentration of a solution by allowing a measure volume of that solution to react with the second solution with a different substance

Question 39

oxidation

Answer 39

loss 1+ electron by a substance

Question 40

reduction

Answer 40

gain 1+ electron by a substance

Question 41

Oxidation number

Answer 41

indicate if atoms are neutral, electron Rich, or electron poor

Question 42

half reductions

Answer 42

Half reduction occurs and have oxidation occurs. They always occur together

Question 43

Reducing agent

Answer 43

substance causing reduction

Question 44

Oxidizing agent

Answer 44

Substance causing oxidation

Question 45

Activity series

Answer 45

ranks elements in order of their reducing ability in aqueous solutions

Question 46

Combustion

Answer 46

Burning of fuel by oxidation with oxygen

Question 47

Bleaching

Answer 47

Redox reactions to decolorize

Question 48

metallurgy

Answer 48

purification/extraction of metals from ores

Question 49

corrosion

Answer 49

deterioration of a metal by oxidation

Question 50

respiration

Answer 50

Process of breathing using oxygen

Question 51

AB + CD —> CB + AD demonstrates what form of reaction

Answer 51

Double displacement

Question 52

is the oxidation agent above or below on the activity series

Answer 52

oxidation agent is below

Question 53

precipitation reactions are what type of reactions?

Answer 53

double displacement

Question 54

can non electrolytes dissociate in water?

Answer 54

no

Question 55

can nonelectrolytes conduct electricity

Answer 55

no

Question 56

can nonelectroyltes dissolve in water?

Answer 56

yes

Question 57

most electrolytes are what type of compounds?

Answer 57

ionic

Question 58

if an unknown solution is added to an active metal and bubbles has, is the solution acidic or basic?

Answer 58

acid

Question 59

what occurs if an acid solution is added to an active metal

Answer 59

bubbles of gas occur

Question 60

what ion is provided when Arrhenius bases dissolve in water?

Answer 60

OH-