Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding Flashcards
explain how low ionization energy atoms become positive ions.
they lose their outer electrons, which are donated to atoms with unfilled spaces in their highest occupied energy level.
what is the electronic configuration of an ion?
they usually have a Noble gas configuration
How are the ions held together?
the ions are packed together in a lattice structure with positive ions surrounding negative ions and negative ions surrounded by positive ions. they are held by strong electrostatic forces of attraction hold the structure together.
How do atoms with high ionization energies form bonds?
they share one or more pairs of electrons. one electron pair comes from each atom.
How are atoms in a covalent bond held together?
They are held together by the attraction between the bond pair and the nuclei.
explain the onding in h2
the bod pair is equally shared and situated midway between the two atoms, which both now have the electronic configuration of helium.
Explain the covalent bonding of chlorine.
it shares one electron to form Cl2. it has now 8 electrons, with one bond pair and 3 lone pairs to end up with the configuration of argon.
What is a dative covalent bond?
it is covalent bond where the shared pair is provided by only one atom. it for example when NH3 bonds with and H+ ion.
how are dative covalent bonded notated?
they are represented by arrows showing which way the lone pair is donated.
Whatis electron pair repulsion theory?
it is when the outer electron pairs, both bond pairs and lone pairs, repel one another to be as afar as possible from each other. it leads to the shape and bond angles of covalent molecules.
