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PSYCH 105 > Chapter 4- Developmental Psych > Flashcards

Chapter 4- Developmental Psych Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

developmental psychology

A

changes in biological, physical, psychological, and behavioural processes

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2
Q

critical period

A

age where experiences must occur to develop normally

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3
Q

sensitive periods

A

optimal age range to learn something

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4
Q

cross sectional research

A

compares different ages at the same time

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5
Q

longitudinal research design

A

test same cohort at different times

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6
Q

sequential research design

A

combination of cross sectional and longitudinal design

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7
Q

germinal stage

A

-first 2 weeks after conception
-zygote attatches to uterine wall

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8
Q

embryonic stage

A

-2nd-8th week
-placenta and umbiical cord develops
-organs and system begins to develop

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9
Q

fetal stage

A

-begins at 9th week
-28 weeks=age of viability

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10
Q

Y chromosomes contains ______ and the critical period is 6-8 weeks

A

TDF

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11
Q

teratogens

A

environmental agents that may cause abnormal fetal development

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12
Q

fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

A

cognitive, behvaioural, and physical deficits and developmental abnormalities caused by prenature exposure to alcohol

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13
Q

William James (1890) suggested that the newborn’s world and mind are

A

passive, disorganized and have an empty mind
-view is no longer valid

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14
Q

how do we know what newborns can see

A

preferential looking prcedure
-measures how long an infant looks at a stimulus

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15
Q

preferential looking procedure

A

measure how long infant looks at a stimulus and determine when detail becomes interesting

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16
Q

newborns can see a range of colours by ____ months and prefer _____ stimuli

A

three;patterned

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17
Q

newborns orient to ______

A

significant stimuli

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18
Q

sound localization

A

ability to localize sounds
-disapears at 4 months and reappears at 6 months

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19
Q

phoneme discrimination

A

ability to detect changes in speech sounds
-disappears by 1 year of age

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20
Q

music perception

A

-shows similar responses of consonant and dissonant patterns as adults
-can remember short melodies

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21
Q

habituation procedure

A

based on the assumption that infants’ looking is influenced by novelty, and that infants look longer during test at novel items

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22
Q

imitation

A

newborns imitate adult facial expressions

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23
Q

cephalocaudal principle

A

development is from head to foot

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24
Q

proximodistal principle

A

development is from innermost to outer

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25
stage like development
age of aquiring skill differs, but the sequence is the same -some have U-shaped function
26
Piaget's Stage theory
when an infant experiences an event or transitions from one stage to another -brain build schemas
27
schema
a concept or framework that the child is using to understand a particular experience
28
assimiliation
incorporates the new object or experience with an already existing behaviour/schema
29
accomodation
how infants explore the environment and learn and develop through the stages they assimilate -i.e: new experiences cause existing schemas to change
30
sensorimotor stage
understand world through sensory experiences and physical interactions with knowledge -begin to acuire language -do not have object permanence
31
object permanence
objects continue to exist even when they can no longer be seen
32
preoperational stage
2-7 yrs old -world represented symbolically through words and mental images to enable prent play -do not understand conservation -reflects egocentrism
33
egocentrism
difficulty in taking someone else's perspective
34
concrete operational stage
ages 7-12 -easily perform basic mental operational problems and situations about the physical world -understand cause and effect and conservation -difficulty with abstract reasoning
35
formal operational stage
ages 11/12 - think logically about concrete and abstract problems -form and test hypothesis
36
theory of mind
a person's belief about the mind and the ability to understand other people's mental states -evidence:lying and deception
37
zone of proximal development
difference between what children can do independently and what they can do with assistance -provides insight into cognitive abilities that are maturing
38
information processing approaches
-cognitive development is a continuous gradual process that grows as info processing abilities become more efficient -does not occur stage by stage -becomes faster and attention span/memory skills improve with age
39
emotion
array of reactions/responses that reflect affective states that can last for various amounts of time
40
emotion regulation
process by which we evaluate and modify our emotional reactions
41
Erikson's psychosocial theory
8 major psychosocial stages with various crises relevant at specifc ages that need to be resolved
42
attachment
strong emotional bond between children and primary caregivers
43
imprinting
biological primed form of attachment
44
indiscriminate attachment
newborns express their needs to anyone
45
discriminate attachment
infant gets familiar with caregiver and expects them to feed into their needs rather than strangers (3months)
46
specific attachment behaviour
knows that one specific person is safe (7-8 months)
47
separation anxiety
distress over being serparated from primary caregiver
48
secure attachment
explore and react postively to strangers -distressed when mother leaves and happy when she returns
49
anxious resistant
fearful when mother is present and leaves
50
anxious avoidant
show few signs of attatchment
51
authoritative parents
-controlling but warm -most postive childhood outcomes
52
authoritarian parents
-extert control but cold -causes poor self esteem and performance
53
indulgent parenting
warm and caring but don't provide guidance and discipline -children immature and self centered
54
neglectful parents
not warm, no rules of guidance
55
gender constancy
around 6-7 years, understand gender as something permanent
56
sex typing
involves treating others differently based on whether they are female or male
57
what influences internal regulatory mechanism (conscience)
-internalizing societal values -termperament -learning -attachment -emotional regulation
58
adolescence
period of gradual change between childhood and adulthood
59
puberty
-rapid maturation in which a person becomes capable of reproduction
60
adolescent egocentrism- overestimation
overestimating uniqueness of ones feelings and experiences
61
adolescent egocentrism-oversensitivity to social evaulation
feeling self conscous thinking that everybody is going to notice or evaluate them
62
formal operational thought
use deductive reasoning to solve scientific problems systematically
63
post-formal operational thinking
allows for new and more complex ways people can reason logically about opposing points of view -accept contradictions and irreconcilable differences
64
in adulthood= ______processing speed but is more _____
slower;accurate
65
identity diffusion
no identity crisis yet; uncommited to a role
66
foreclosure
adopting a role without going through a identity crisis
67
moratorium
current identity crisis;not resolved
68
identity achievement
gone through identiy crisis; successfully resolved
69
storm and stress
a time in development in which trouble – with behavior, emotions, and relationships, especially with parents – is at a peak.

PSYCH 105 (6 decks)

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