Chapter 4 fingerprints

Question 1

another word for fingerprint?

Answer 1

Dactylogram

Question 2

the study of fingerprints

Answer 2

dactyloscopy

Question 3

all _________ have fingerprints

Answer 3

primates

Question 4

what animal has fingerprints that most closely resembles a humans

Answer 4

koalas

Question 5

when are fingerprints formed?

Answer 5

in the fetal stage

Question 6

what was the west will case

Answer 6

in 1903, a prisoner named will west was brought to Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary his Bertillon measurements and photogenic appearance appeared to be identical to another prisoner (William west) serving a life sentence in murder. they were not related -> fingerprints

Question 7

most common type of fingerprint?

Answer 7

loops

Question 8

a loop must have

Answer 8

one or more ridges entering from one side of the print, fecurring (?) and exiting from the same side

Question 9

what is a delta?

Answer 9

a place where two lines run side by side and then diverge with a significant recurring line passes in front of the delta (a triangle is formed)

Question 10

what’s a ulnar loop?

Answer 10

pattern come sin and goes out toward little finger. left hand.

Question 11

what’s a radical loop?

Answer 11

pattern comes in and out towards thumb. right hand. not very common. usually found on index fingers.

Question 12

what’s the percentage of people with whorls?

Answer 12

30-35

Question 13

whorl patterns must have

Answer 13

• type lines

- at least two deltas

Question 14

what’s a plain whorl?

Answer 14

consists of one or more ridges which tend to make a complete circuit

Question 15

what a central pocket whorl?

Answer 15

must have 2 deltas

Question 16

double loop whorls?

Answer 16

consists of two seperate & distinct loop formations. loops have separate and distinct shoulders. has 2 deltas.

Question 17

what are arches?

Answer 17

compost about 5% of fingerprints. no deltas.

Question 18

what is a plain arch?

Answer 18

no delta & no core. lines come in one side of the print and exit the other side without much of a change in patterns.

Question 19

what’s a tented arch?

Answer 19

no delta. line-type quickly rises and falls at a steep angle

Question 20

one delta

Answer 20

loop

Question 21

> 1 delta

Answer 21

whorl

Question 22

no delta

Answer 22

arch

Question 23

what is ridgeology

Answer 23

the study of the uniqueness of friction ridge structures and their use for personal identification.

Question 24

what are minutiae points?

Answer 24

points where ridge structure changes?

Question 25

what are the 3 way process fingerprints are classified?

Answer 25

- by the shape and contours of individual patterns - by the finger position of the pattern type - by the relative size

Question 26

the Henry- FBI classification

Answer 26

can't individualize and provides the examiner with a number of candidates with indistinguishable sets of prints in the systems file.

Question 27

what's only useful for processing a full set of fingerprints?

Answer 27

the Henry- FBI classification

Question 28

generally criminal courts will accept _ to __ points of similarity

Answer 28

8 to 12

Question 29

how does super glue fuming / cyanoacrylate work?

Answer 29

-heat is applied to super glue in a sealed enclosure containing the evidence. heating causes the super glue to vaporize. super glue vapors settle on the evidence and react with the latent print. a visible white outline is formed.

Question 30

what's the silver nitrate formula?

Answer 30

AgNO3 + Cl - AgCl -> Ag (in UV)

Question 31

how does silver nitrate work?

Answer 31

silver nitrate dissolved in water or alcohol is sprayed into the object surface reacts with salt in perspiration. 1. spraying or dipping the object in silver nitrate 2. developing the print with sunlight or a carbon vapor light

Question 32

how do powders work?

Answer 32

the most common powders are black & silver. lifted with a special tape & photograph Iodine fuming. excellent way to locate latent finger prints.

Question 33

development process of hard no absorbent surfaces

Answer 33

powder

Question 34

development process of soft , porous surfaces

Answer 34

chemical visualization

Question 35

how does iodine fuming work?

Answer 35

iodine is a substance that sublimes to produce vapors of iodine. it reacts with oils present in fingerprints and it's stained brown.

Question 36

what is a fingerprint?

Answer 36

an impression of the pattern of the ridges on the last joint of a persons finger

Question 37

what is primary classification?

Answer 37

determination of the primary classification is based on the presence or absence of the whorl pattern. presence of a whorl pattern is given a numerical value that depends on the finger on which it occurs.

Question 38

Right hand

Answer 38

``` pinky - 4 RING - 8 MIDdle - 8 index - 16 thumb - 16 ```

Question 39

left hand

Answer 39

``` thumb - 5 index - 2 middle - 2 RING - 1 pinky - 1 ```

Question 40

what happened 1788

Answer 40

J.C.A Mayer ridges of the fingers in two or more individuals are NECER identical

Question 41

what happened in 1892?

Answer 41

Francis Galton Practical shared of classification and filing

Question 42

what happened in 1900?

Answer 42

sir Edward Richard Henry extended Galtons system

Question 43

what is anthropometrics

Answer 43

an identification system using body measurements developed by Alphonse

Question 44

anthropometrics had 3 components the

Answer 44

measurements of the body measurements of the head measurements of the limb

Question 45

what features were in the anthropometrics

Answer 45

- photos - profile (measurements) - verbal description

Question 46

problems with anthropometrics

Answer 46

- time consuming - difficult to master - impossible to use bertillonage on a person not arrested