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Forensic Science > Chapter 7 Drugs > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

in the US all drugs covered by law that are some how restricted are called

A

controlled substance

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2
Q

what are hallucinogens

A

naturally occurring substances that can change normal thought processes, perceptions, and moods.

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3
Q

the most widely used hallucinogen in the US is

A

marijuana

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4
Q

what are hallucinogens?

A

marijuana, LSD, acid, PCP, MDMA, ecstasy, Ketamine

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5
Q

where do stimulants act on?

A

the central nervous system to make the user feel better and increase his or her energy alertness while suppressing appetite and fatigue

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6
Q

drugs that are stimulants are

A

cocaine, speed, crack, nicotine

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7
Q

what are analgesics

A

a drug that relieves pain

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8
Q

narcotics are

A

substances affecting the central nervous system to relieve pain

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9
Q

what drug affects the central nervous system?

A

narcotics & stimulants

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10
Q

what are narcotics?

A

OTC drugs, aspirin, Tylenol, Motrin, Morphine, heroin, Darvon, Percocet

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11
Q

what are depressants?

A

alcohol, barbiturates

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12
Q

a drug is _____

A

a natural or synthetic substance designed to affect humans (or other animals) psychologically or physiologically

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13
Q

what schedule has high potent job for abuse

A

schedule I

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14
Q

what are examples of schedule I drugs?

A

Heroin, LSD, weed, ecstasy

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15
Q

what are examples of schedule II drugs?

A

Cocain, morphine, amphetamine, PCP, Ritalin

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16
Q

what are examples of schedule III drugs?

A

Ketamine, intermediate acting barbiturates, anabolic steroids

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17
Q

what are examples of schedule IV drugs?

A

Stimulants and depressants like Valium, Xanax, Librium, phenobarbital, Darvon

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18
Q

what are examples of schedule V drugs?

A

Codeine found in low doses in cough medicine

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19
Q

what does DEA stand for

A

Drug Enforcement Agency

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20
Q

what is the mission of the DEA?

A

to enforce the controlled substances laws and regulations of the US

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21
Q

LSD is a

A

hallucinogen

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22
Q

Ketamine is a

A

hallucinogen

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23
Q

amphetamines are

A

stimulants

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24
Q

cocaine is a

A

stimulant

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25
what is nicotine?
a stimulant
26
what is heroin?
narcotics
27
what are analgesics?
narcotics
28
what is methadone?
narcotics
29
what is morphine
narcotics
30
what is alcohol
depressants
31
what is barbiturates
depressants
32
what do hallucinogens affect
brain, distorting 5 senses, changing impressions of time and space
33
people who use hallucinogens have a hard time ________
concentrating, communicating, or telling the difference between reality and illusion
34
what does ecstasy do?
accelerated the release of serotonin in the brain, provides users with an intense high, decrease anxiety, enhance sensitivity to touch
35
what is MDMA
a hallucinogen, ecstasy
36
what is LSD?
the most common hallucinogen and is one of the most potent mood changing chemicals?
37
examples of LSD are
acid, rips, tabs, trips
38
what is the most common hallucinogen?
LSD
39
what does PCP stand for
phencyclidine
40
nicknames for heroin are?
brown, gear, junk, heaven, horse, smack
41
what are depressants?
drugs that are prescribed by a doctor that help relax muscles or calm nerves
42
large or improper nerves of depressants can cause
confusion, lack of coordination, shacking, slurred speech, I ovulate to concentrate, and may fall asleep at work or school
43
a very large dose of depressants could
stop your breathing
44
examples of human components used for drug analysis are
blood, urine, hair, gastric contents, vile, liver tissue, brain tissue, kidney tissue, spleen tissue, and vitreous humor of the eye
45
what does PDR stand for?
A physicians desk reference
46
what is the PDR used to identify?
identify manufactured pills, tablets, and capsules
47
when is the PDR updated?
each year
48
what does the reference book give?
a picture of the drug, whether it is a prescription, over the counter, or a controlled substance
49
what are screening or presumptive tests?
spot or color test and chromatography
50
what are types of chromatography
- gas - paper - thin layer
51
what are examples of confirmatory tests
spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry
52
what are types or spectrophotometry
ultraviolet, visible, and infared
53
what is a spot test
a chemical reaction that occurs when a particular substance is added to an unknown
54
why are spot test not conclusive?
because a few substances may give false positive results
55
what are spot tests used by law enforcement?
marquis, dille-kopany, duavenois, Van urk / erlich, Scott test
56
what is marquis?
turns purple in the presence of most opium (heroin). de
57
what is dille-kopany?
turns violet-blue in the presence of barbiturates
58
what is duavenois-levine
turns purple color in the presence of marijuana
59
what is Vanurk/Erlich
turns a blue-purple in the presence of LSD
60
what is Scott test?
color test for cocain, blue precip.
61
what is chromatography?
a technique for separating mixtures into their components
62
the chromatography includes 2 phases. what are they?
a Mobile one that flows past a stationary one
63
what are types of chromatography
``` paper thin layer gas pyrolysis gas liquid high pressure liquid ```
64
what is the stationary and mobile phase of paper chromatography?
stationary phase - paper | mobile phase - a liquid solvent
65
what is retention factor?
a number that represents how far a compound travels in a particular solvent
66
what's the equation for retation factor?
Rf= distance compound/distance solvent
67
is a value for an unknown compound is close to or the same as that for the known compound the 2 compounds are likely
similar or identical (a match)
68
what's the stationary and mobile phase for thin layer chromatography?
stationary phase - a thin layer of coating on a sheet of plastic or gas mobile phase - a liquid solvent
69
what's the stationary and mobile phase of gas chromatography?
stationary- a solid or a viscous liquid that lines a tune or column mobile- an inert gas like nitrogen or helium
70
what's the analyses of GC?
shows a peak that is proportional to the quantity of the substance present
71
what uses retention time instead of Rf for the qualitative analyses
GC
72
What are uses of gas chromatography?
1. not considered a confirmation of a controlled substance 2. used as a separation tool for mass spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy 3. used to quantitative measure the concentration of a sample confirmatory tests 4. test that specifically identified one substance 5. are based on one of two analytical techniques
73
what is IR
infrared spectroscopy
74
what are the two analytical techniques?
infrared spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy
75
what is the method of choice in most forensic labs
infrared spectroscopy
76
what is spectroscopy?
the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter
77
what is spectrophotometer
an instrument used to measure and record the absorption spectrum of a chemical substance
78
what are the components of spectrophotometry?
1. a radiation source 2. a frequency selected 3. a sample holder 4. a detector to convert electromagnetic radiation into an electrical signal 5. a recorder to produce a record of the signal
79
what are types of spectrophotometry?
ultraviolet visible infrared
80
what happens with Infrared spectrometry
- material absorbs energy in the near-IR region of the electromagnetic spectrum - compares the IR light beam before and after passing through a transparent sample
81
what is the result of an infrared spectrometry?
an absorption or transmittance spectrum
82
what gives a unique view of the substance?
infrared spectrum
83
what is used to separate the mixture into its component
chromatography
84
what cannot separate mixtures?
mass spectrometry
85
each mole crisp special has its own ???
unique mass
86
which spectrometry work well in identifying pure substances?
both
87
what are illicit drugs?
illicit drugs are those that are illegal to make, sell, or use.
88
what are examples of illicit drugs?
cocaine, amphetamines, heroin, and hallucinogens
89
what are illegals drugs?
Illegal drugs are drugs which have limitations on their ownership or use by a government, and are illegal in certain situations
90
what's the difference between a prescription drug and an OTC drug?
a pharmaceutical drug that legally requires a medical prescription to be dispensed. In contrast, over-the-counter drugs can be obtained without a prescription.
91
types of prescription drugs include
painkillers & anti-anxiety drugs
92
what is a presumptive test?
it can establish the possibility that a specific bodily fluid or tissue is present

Forensic Science (6 decks)

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