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Forensic Science > Chapter 7 Drugs > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

in the US all drugs covered by law that are some how restricted are called

A

controlled substance

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2
Q

what are hallucinogens

A

naturally occurring substances that can change normal thought processes, perceptions, and moods.

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3
Q

the most widely used hallucinogen in the US is

A

marijuana

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4
Q

what are hallucinogens?

A

marijuana, LSD, acid, PCP, MDMA, ecstasy, Ketamine

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5
Q

where do stimulants act on?

A

the central nervous system to make the user feel better and increase his or her energy alertness while suppressing appetite and fatigue

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6
Q

drugs that are stimulants are

A

cocaine, speed, crack, nicotine

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7
Q

what are analgesics

A

a drug that relieves pain

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8
Q

narcotics are

A

substances affecting the central nervous system to relieve pain

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9
Q

what drug affects the central nervous system?

A

narcotics & stimulants

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10
Q

what are narcotics?

A

OTC drugs, aspirin, Tylenol, Motrin, Morphine, heroin, Darvon, Percocet

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11
Q

what are depressants?

A

alcohol, barbiturates

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12
Q

a drug is _____

A

a natural or synthetic substance designed to affect humans (or other animals) psychologically or physiologically

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13
Q

what schedule has high potent job for abuse

A

schedule I

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14
Q

what are examples of schedule I drugs?

A

Heroin, LSD, weed, ecstasy

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15
Q

what are examples of schedule II drugs?

A

Cocain, morphine, amphetamine, PCP, Ritalin

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16
Q

what are examples of schedule III drugs?

A

Ketamine, intermediate acting barbiturates, anabolic steroids

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17
Q

what are examples of schedule IV drugs?

A

Stimulants and depressants like Valium, Xanax, Librium, phenobarbital, Darvon

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18
Q

what are examples of schedule V drugs?

A

Codeine found in low doses in cough medicine

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19
Q

what does DEA stand for

A

Drug Enforcement Agency

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20
Q

what is the mission of the DEA?

A

to enforce the controlled substances laws and regulations of the US

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21
Q

LSD is a

A

hallucinogen

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22
Q

Ketamine is a

A

hallucinogen

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23
Q

amphetamines are

A

stimulants

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24
Q

cocaine is a

A

stimulant

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25
Q

what is nicotine?

A

a stimulant

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26
Q

what is heroin?

A

narcotics

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27
Q

what are analgesics?

A

narcotics

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28
Q

what is methadone?

A

narcotics

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29
Q

what is morphine

A

narcotics

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30
Q

what is alcohol

A

depressants

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31
Q

what is barbiturates

A

depressants

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32
Q

what do hallucinogens affect

A

brain, distorting 5 senses, changing impressions of time and space

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33
Q

people who use hallucinogens have a hard time ________

A

concentrating, communicating, or telling the difference between reality and illusion

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34
Q

what does ecstasy do?

A

accelerated the release of serotonin in the brain, provides users with an intense high, decrease anxiety, enhance sensitivity to touch

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35
Q

what is MDMA

A

a hallucinogen, ecstasy

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36
Q

what is LSD?

A

the most common hallucinogen and is one of the most potent mood changing chemicals?

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37
Q

examples of LSD are

A

acid, rips, tabs, trips

38
Q

what is the most common hallucinogen?

A

LSD

39
Q

what does PCP stand for

A

phencyclidine

40
Q

nicknames for heroin are?

A

brown, gear, junk, heaven, horse, smack

41
Q

what are depressants?

A

drugs that are prescribed by a doctor that help relax muscles or calm nerves

42
Q

large or improper nerves of depressants can cause

A

confusion, lack of coordination, shacking, slurred speech, I ovulate to concentrate, and may fall asleep at work or school

43
Q

a very large dose of depressants could

A

stop your breathing

44
Q

examples of human components used for drug analysis are

A

blood, urine, hair, gastric contents, vile, liver tissue, brain tissue, kidney tissue, spleen tissue, and vitreous humor of the eye

45
Q

what does PDR stand for?

A

A physicians desk reference

46
Q

what is the PDR used to identify?

A

identify manufactured pills, tablets, and capsules

47
Q

when is the PDR updated?

A

each year

48
Q

what does the reference book give?

A

a picture of the drug, whether it is a prescription, over the counter, or a controlled substance

49
Q

what are screening or presumptive tests?

A

spot or color test and chromatography

50
Q

what are types of chromatography

A
  • gas
  • paper
  • thin layer
51
Q

what are examples of confirmatory tests

A

spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry

52
Q

what are types or spectrophotometry

A

ultraviolet, visible, and infared

53
Q

what is a spot test

A

a chemical reaction that occurs when a particular substance is added to an unknown

54
Q

why are spot test not conclusive?

A

because a few substances may give false positive results

55
Q

what are spot tests used by law enforcement?

A

marquis, dille-kopany, duavenois, Van urk / erlich, Scott test

56
Q

what is marquis?

A

turns purple in the presence of most opium (heroin). de

57
Q

what is dille-kopany?

A

turns violet-blue in the presence of barbiturates

58
Q

what is duavenois-levine

A

turns purple color in the presence of marijuana

59
Q

what is Vanurk/Erlich

A

turns a blue-purple in the presence of LSD

60
Q

what is Scott test?

A

color test for cocain, blue precip.

61
Q

what is chromatography?

A

a technique for separating mixtures into their components

62
Q

the chromatography includes 2 phases. what are they?

A

a Mobile one that flows past a stationary one

63
Q

what are types of chromatography

A 
paper
thin layer
gas
pyrolysis gas
liquid
high pressure liquid
64
Q

what is the stationary and mobile phase of paper chromatography?

A

stationary phase - paper

mobile phase - a liquid solvent

65
Q

what is retention factor?

A

a number that represents how far a compound travels in a particular solvent

66
Q

what’s the equation for retation factor?

A

Rf= distance compound/distance solvent

67
Q

is a value for an unknown compound is close to or the same as that for the known compound the 2 compounds are likely

A

similar or identical (a match)

68
Q

what’s the stationary and mobile phase for thin layer chromatography?

A

stationary phase - a thin layer of coating on a sheet of plastic or gas
mobile phase - a liquid solvent

69
Q

what’s the stationary and mobile phase of gas chromatography?

A

stationary- a solid or a viscous liquid that lines a tune or column
mobile- an inert gas like nitrogen or helium

70
Q

what’s the analyses of GC?

A

shows a peak that is proportional to the quantity of the substance present

71
Q

what uses retention time instead of Rf for the qualitative analyses

A

GC

72
Q

What are uses of gas chromatography?

A
  1. not considered a confirmation of a controlled substance
  2. used as a separation tool for mass spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy
  3. used to quantitative measure the concentration of a sample confirmatory tests
  4. test that specifically identified one substance
  5. are based on one of two analytical techniques
73
Q

what is IR

A

infrared spectroscopy

74
Q

what are the two analytical techniques?

A

infrared spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy

75
Q

what is the method of choice in most forensic labs

A

infrared spectroscopy

76
Q

what is spectroscopy?

A

the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter

77
Q

what is spectrophotometer

A

an instrument used to measure and record the absorption spectrum of a chemical substance

78
Q

what are the components of spectrophotometry?

A
  1. a radiation source
  2. a frequency selected
  3. a sample holder
  4. a detector to convert electromagnetic radiation into an electrical signal
  5. a recorder to produce a record of the signal
79
Q

what are types of spectrophotometry?

A

ultraviolet
visible
infrared

80
Q

what happens with Infrared spectrometry

A
  • material absorbs energy in the near-IR region of the electromagnetic spectrum
  • compares the IR light beam before and after passing through a transparent sample
81
Q

what is the result of an infrared spectrometry?

A

an absorption or transmittance spectrum

82
Q

what gives a unique view of the substance?

A

infrared spectrum

83
Q

what is used to separate the mixture into its component

A

chromatography

84
Q

what cannot separate mixtures?

A

mass spectrometry

85
Q

each mole crisp special has its own ???

A

unique mass

86
Q

which spectrometry work well in identifying pure substances?

A

both

87
Q

what are illicit drugs?

A

illicit drugs are those that are illegal to make, sell, or use.

88
Q

what are examples of illicit drugs?

A

cocaine, amphetamines, heroin, and hallucinogens

89
Q

what are illegals drugs?

A

Illegal drugs are drugs which have limitations on their ownership or use by a government, and are illegal in certain situations

90
Q

what’s the difference between a prescription drug and an OTC drug?

A

a pharmaceutical drug that legally requires a medical prescription to be dispensed. In contrast, over-the-counter drugs can be obtained without a prescription.

91
Q

types of prescription drugs include

A

painkillers & anti-anxiety drugs

92
Q

what is a presumptive test?

A

it can establish the possibility that a specific bodily fluid or tissue is present

Forensic Science (6 decks)

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