Chapter 4: Flagellates

Question 1

Class of Flagellates?

Answer 1

Mastigophora

Question 2

Structures found in Flagellates

Answer 2

Undulating membrane (for Trichomonas)
Axostyle
Flagella

Question 3

Undulating membrane is attached to?

Answer 3

Costa

Question 4

Rod like structures

Answer 4

Axostyle

Question 5

Whip like structure

Answer 5

Flagella

Question 6

Intestinal Flagellates

Answer 6

Giardia lamblia
Enteromonas hominis
Trichomonas hominis
Chilomastix mesnili
Embadomonas intestinalis
Retortamonas intestinalis
Dientamoeba fragilis

Question 7

Blood and Tissue Flagellates

Answer 7

Leishmania tropica
Leishmania braziliense
Leishmania donovani
Trypanosoma rhodiense
Trypanosoma gambiense
Trypanosoma cruzi
Trichomonas tenax
Trichimonas vaginalis

Question 8

Old world cutaneous leishmaniasis

Answer 8

Leishmania tropica

Question 9

American mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Answer 9

Leishmania braziliense

Question 10

Viceral leishmaniasis

Answer 10

Leishmania donovani

Question 11

East african sleeping sickness

Answer 11

Trypanosoma rhodiense

Question 12

West african sleeping sickness

Answer 12

Trypanosoma gambiense

Question 13

4 developmental stages of flagellates

Answer 13

Amastigote
Promastigote
Epimastigote
Trypomastigote

Question 14

Leishman-donovan body

Answer 14

Amastigote

Question 15

Leptomonal form

Answer 15

Promastigote

Question 16

Crithidial form

Answer 16

Epimastigote

Question 17

Trypanosomal form

Answer 17

Trypomastigote

Question 18

Most common gut flagellate cause of outbreak in the developed countries

Answer 18

Giardia lamblia

Question 19

Specimen of choice for Giardia lamblia

Answer 19

Stool
Duodenal aspirate
Small intestine biopsy

Question 20

Test for Giardia lamblia

Answer 20

Entero test
ELISA
EIA
Western blot
RT-PCR

Question 21

Where life cycle of Giardia lamblia happens

Answer 21

Duodenum

Question 22

Infective stage of Giardia lamblia

Answer 22

Cyst (10 cysts to manifest)

Question 23

Mode of transmission of Giardia lamblia

Answer 23

Ingestion
Anal sex
Oral-anal

Question 24

Clinical symptoms of Giardia lamblia

Answer 24

Traveler’s diarrhea:

Steatorrhea

Question 25

Incubation period of Giardia lamblia

Answer 25

1-2 weeks or 10-36 days

Question 26

Treatment for Giardia lamblia

Answer 26

Albendazole | Metronidazole

Question 27

Prevention of Giardia lamblia

Answer 27

Proper water treatment | Personal hygiene

Question 28

Can undergo changes in it's antigen for escape mechanism

Answer 28

Antigenic variation

Question 29

Virulence factors of Giardia lamblia

Answer 29

Adhesive disc - attachment to cells | Villus flattening - malabsorption

Question 30

Also called as ping pong disease

Answer 30

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 31

Treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 31

Metronidazole

Question 32

Incubation period of Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 32

4 days to 4 weeks