Chapter 4 - Language Disorders In Children

Question 1

Intellectual disability

Answer 1

Mental retardation
Prenatal causes - rubella, lead, anoxia
Microcephaly, fine/gross motor problems, poor morphology, delayed syntax

Question 2

Definition of ASD from the DSM-V

Answer 2

Deficits in social, emotional, reciprocity, nonverbal behaviors, developing/maintaining/understanding relationships

Question 3

Focal injury vs diffuse injury

Answer 3

Focal - one area of the brain

Diffuse - multiple areas

Question 4

Immediate effects of TBI

Answer 4

Coma
Confusion
Amnesia

Question 5

Cerebral palsy - 3 types

Answer 5

Effects nervous system
Orthopedic problems, seizures, feeding problems and hearing loss
Ataxic = balance and gait
Spastic (most common) = stiff, jerky, slow
Athetoid = slow, involuntary

Question 6

Factor most related to a child’s SES

Answer 6

Mothers education level

Question 7

Deficits in children with low SES

Answer 7

Reading and writing 
Temporal concepts 
Lack of familiarity with school tasks (ABCs)
Delayed vocabulary
Less elaboration

Question 8

language assessment determines 3 things

Answer 8

Existence of a clinical problem
Nature and extent of problem
Course of action to take

Question 9

Screening indicates two things

Answer 9

If child language skills fall within normal range

Possible language impairment or if further assessment is needed

Question 10

How to calculate MLU

Answer 10

of morphemes divided by # of utterances

Question 11

Parallel play

Answer 11

Child mimics others

Question 12

Associative play

Answer 12

More interested in each other than in the toys

Question 13

Cooperative play

Answer 13

Organization within play routine

Question 14

Initiate response evaluation

Answer 14

Teacher initiates
Student responds
Teacher evaluates response

Question 15

Discrete trials

Answer 15

One skills with promoting or modeling until child gets target

Continuous trials

Question 16

Shaping

Answer 16

Complex response broken down into smaller components that are taught sequentially

Question 17

Immediate response contingent feedback

Answer 17

Positive reinforcement and corrective feedback

Question 18

Expansion

Answer 18

Expand telegraphic utterance into a more complete grammatical utterance

Question 19

Extension

Answer 19

Adding new or relevant information to child’s utterance

Question 20

Focused stimulation

Answer 20

Clinician repeats and focuses on one target

Question 21

3 parts of milieu teaching

Answer 21

Incidental - adult waits for child to initiate verbal response and prompts elaboration
Mane model - clinician mands response, if child doesn’t answer, clinician models/prompts
Time delay - predetermined waiting periods before a model or prompt

Question 22

Parallel talk

Answer 22

Comment on what the child is doing

Question 23

Recasting

Answer 23

Changing child’s statement in a modified form

Statement to a question
Present to past

Question 24

Phonological awareness skills

Answer 24

Rhyming
Syllable awareness
Phoneme isolation
Sound blending

Question 25

Order of phonological tasks (earliest to latest)

Answer 25

``` Rhyming Syllable awareness Syllable segmentation/blending Onset rime, blending, segmentation Blending and segmenting individual phonemes ```

Question 26

Rank of predictive ability of reading

Answer 26

1) phonological awareness 2) rhyming 3) segmentation

Question 27

Assessing for AAC

Answer 27

Identity communication needs Assess barriers to communication Assess current limitations Assess their motor

Question 28

Major purposes of AAC

Answer 28

``` Express wants and needs Transfer info Promote social closeness Participate in social etiquette Communicate with oneself ```

Question 29

Pantomime

Answer 29

Gestures and movements that involve parts of or the entire body

Question 30

Gestural unaided AAC

Answer 30

``` No instruments or external aid Eye blinking ASL American Indian hand talk Left handed manual alphabet ```