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Atlas of Limb Prosthetics > Chapter 4- Material > Flashcards

Chapter 4- Material Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What are the requirements of the components for this profession?

A 
Biocompatibility
Strength
Durability
Light weight
Ease of fabrication
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2
Q

What are the most common materials used in prosthetics?

A 
Plastics
Wood
Leather
Metal
Cloth
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3
Q

When is wood used in prosthetics?

A

Interior structural shape

Provide shape

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4
Q

What are the properties of wood?

A 
Lightweight
Strong
Inexpensive
Easy to work
Consistent texture
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5
Q

What type of wood are usually used for prosthetic knees and shins?

A

Basswood (linden)
Willow
Poplar wood

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6
Q

How thick is the wood reduced to to reduce weight?

A

6mm

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7
Q

Which woods are often used for keels in prosthetic feet?

A

Maple

Hickory

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8
Q

What is leather commonly used for?

A

Suspension straps
Waist belts
Socket linings

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9
Q

Which type of leather is often used for the suspension straps and waist belts?

A

“Horsehide”- actually made from cow hide

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10
Q

What types of leather are used for dorsiflexion stops and thigh corsets?

A

Elk
Calf
Kip
Rawhide

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11
Q

What is cloth often used for?

A

Prosthetic socks
Waist belts
Straps
Harnesses

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12
Q

What material are prosthetic socks commonly made of?

A 
Wool
Cotton
Blended with:
Nylon
Orlon
Acrylics
Other man made materials
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13
Q

What material is the most common for prosthetic socks?

A

Wool

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of wool?

A 
Elasticity
Cusioning
Absorbs moisture
Resistance to acids
Resistence to shrinkage
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15
Q

What is cotton more commonly used for?

A

Stockinette

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16
Q

What is the disadvantage of cotton?

A

Not as good as wool in all desired characteristics

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17
Q

What is the advantage of cotton?

A

Easier to care for

Less expensive

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18
Q

What is nylon used for?

A 
Prosthetic sheaths
Plastic laminations
Bushings
Suction valves
Nylon stockings
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19
Q

What are the main advantages of nylon?

A

Strength
elasticity
Low coefficient of friction

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20
Q

Nylon prosthetic sheaths are usually used for who?

A

Transtibial amputees

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21
Q

What type of material is nylon?

A

A thermoplastic material

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22
Q

What are acrylics?

A

Thermoplastics

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23
Q

What are acrylics better than, and in what way?

A

Greater durability and strength than polyester resins

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24
Q

What are the properties of acrylics?

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A

Soft
Durable
Machine Washable

25
What are the properties of acrylic resin?
High strength Thinner Light-weight Easier adjustment with heat
26
What is a disadvantage of acrylic resin?
More difficult to use during fabrication
27
What is polyester resin?
Thermosetting plastic that is commonly used for laminations
28
What can thermosetting plastics not do?
Heated and reformed after molding without destroying their physical properties
29
What catalyst is added to polyester resin?
Benzoyl Peroxide catalyst
30
What is polypropylene usually used for?
Hip joints Pelvic bands Knee joints Lightweight Prostheses
31
What are the properties of polypropylene?
``` Opaque white Inexpensive Strong Durable Easy to mold ```
32
How can polypropylene be welded?
Hot air or | Nitrogen
33
What is polyethylene?
Opaque white thermoplastic that looks like polypropylene but feels waxier
34
What do the properties of polyethylene depend on?
Density of the material
35
What are the properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE)?
Very flexible | Easy to heat and mold
36
What is LDPE used for?
Triceps cuffs Transradial prostheses Tongues in plastic thigh corsets Hip disarticulation socket
37
High-density polyethylene is more difficult to what?
Modify
38
What is high-density polyethylene used for?
Bushings in joint mechanisms
39
What is the advantage of Ultrahigh-molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW)?
Tear resistance
40
What type of devices is UHMW used for?
Partial hand | Partial foot prostheses
41
What is polyurethane foam used for?
Cosmetic covers | Rigid structural sections
42
What is another name for polyurethane?
Urethanes
43
What are the three broad groups of Urethanes?
Flexible foam Rigid foam Elastomers
44
What are flexible urethane foams used for?
Covers for endoskeletal prostheses | Prosthetic feet
45
What are rigid polyurethane foams used for?
Knee units Ankle blocks Shape to exoskeletal prostheses
46
What are silicones used for?
Distal end pads in sockets Air-cushion sockets Silicone gel inserts
47
How can silicone be classified?
Fluid Eastomer Resin
48
How is silicone synthesized?
From sand and chemical reactions
49
Which type of silicone is usually used with prosthetics?
Room-Temperature-Vulcanizing Silicones (RTV)
50
What are the properties of RTV silicones?
``` Wide temperature range Repel water Chemically inert Resists weathering High degree of slip Lubricity ```
51
What is liquid silicone used for?
Lubrication Liquid inside hydraulic knees Parting agent
52
What types of fiber are used in prosthetics?
Glass | Carbon
53
What is fiberglass usually used for?
Reinforce polyester resin laminations Stiffen thin areas Prevent breakage
54
What is fiberglass difficult to do?
Finish smoothly
55
What is the advantage of carbon fiber?
Superior strength and stiffness
56
What is carbon fiber replacing?
Some metal in componentry
57
How much strength can carbon fiber provide?
Twice the strength of steel at 1/5th the weight
58
Which materials does carbon have a superior fatigue resistance of?
Aluminum Steel Fiberglass

Atlas of Limb Prosthetics (7 decks)

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