Chapter 4: Mineral Nutrition

Question 1

mineral nutrient

Answer 1

elements that plants require in order to conduct their life processes

Question 2

where does mineral nutrition come from

Answer 2

the soil

Question 3

what are Group 1 mineral nutrient functions

Answer 3

nutrients that are part of carbon compounds

Question 4

what are group 2 mineral nutrient functions

Answer 4

nutrients that are important in energy storage or structural integrity

Question 5

what are group 3 mineral nutrient functions

Answer 5

nutrients that remain in ionic form

Question 6

what are group 4 mineral nutrient functions

Answer 6

nutrients that are involved in redox reactions

Question 7

Group 1 nutrients

Answer 7

N and S

Question 8

Group 2 nutrients

Answer 8

P, Si, and B

Question 9

Group 3 nutrients

Answer 9

K, Ca, Mg, Cl, Zn, and Na

Question 10

Group 4 nutrients

Answer 10

Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Mo

Question 11

chelators

Answer 11

chemicals that bind other chemicals

Question 12

what are the common chelators used

Answer 12

iron chelators and calcium chelators

Question 13

why do plants need iron chelators

Answer 13

iron can leave the soil easily, so it binds it to the soil to keep it available

Question 14

whats a common chelator that was used in lab

Answer 14

EDTA

Question 15

excess or deficiency of one element can cause what

Answer 15

a deficiency of another element

Question 16

what are the two types of deficiency

Answer 16

mobile and immobile

Question 17

mobile

Answer 17

deficiency that appears in older leaves on a plant first

Question 18

immobile

Answer 18

deficiency appears in younger leaves on a plant first

Question 19

when doing a soil analysis for mineral content where do you chose the sample site

Answer 19

around the root zone because that is where mineral nutrients are picked up

Question 20

chemical fertilizers

Answer 20

include inorganic salts and macronutrients N-P-K

Question 21

straight fertilizers

Answer 21

only one of the three elements (N and P, N and K, or K and P )

Question 22

compound/mixed fertilizer

Answer 22

one or two more elements N-K-P

Question 23

organic fertilizer

Answer 23

derived from natural rock deposits, animal and plant materials

Question 24

mineralization

Answer 24

process of how breaking down of organic compounds occurs by soil microorganisms

Question 25

what are the mineral nutrients that are difficult to be pulled from the soil and how to mitigate that

Answer 25

Fe, Cu, and Mg; spraying it on the leaves can help uptake

Question 26

what is required when spraying mineral nutrients on a leaf

Answer 26

surfactants

Question 27

surfactants

Answer 27

decrease surface tension, get a better thinner film of fertilizer on the leaf

Question 28

what makes the soil pH higher

Answer 28

lime

Question 29

what is lime

Answer 29

mixture of calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, and calcium hydroxide

Question 30

excess mineral ions in the soil causes what

Answer 30

salinated soil

Question 31

how to plants deal with saline soil

Answer 31

biochemical synthesis of compounds and enzymatic mechanisms

Question 32

what heavy metals are toxic to plants in high concentrations

Answer 32

zinc, copper, cobalt, nickel

Question 33

ammonium assimilation

Answer 33

ability to take the ions in, and when they are picked up by the plant the plant releases protons that decrease the pH of the

Question 34

where is the majority of nutrient absorption in roots

Answer 34

at the apical regions; little suberin

Question 35

what does suberin do

Answer 35

blocks the nutrient absorption

Question 36

mycorrhizal symbioses

Answer 36

facilitate nutrient uptake by roots

Question 37

what are mycorrhizae

Answer 37

mutualism between fungi and roots; host plant provides carbohydrates for fungi and fungi provide nutrients

Question 38

arbuscular mycorrhizae

Answer 38

in the phylum Glomeromycota; most ancient of the mycorrhizal type found in fossil records

Question 39

fugal hyphae

Answer 39

filaments that makke up the body of the fungus

Question 40

mass of hyphae

Answer 40

mycelium

Question 41

hypha travel a fair distance from the root tip to do what

Answer 41

absorb nutrients

Question 42

what mineral nutrient are the hypha good at picking up

Answer 42

phosphorous

Question 43

what are the two major ways that hypha enter the root

Answer 43

in between the cell walls of the epidermis and coiled structure that will branch out and produce arbuscules in the cortex

Question 44

draw and explain the two ways hypha enter a root

Answer 44

yes

Question 45

ectomycorrhizal roots are different on how they form why?

Answer 45

they don't penetrate far into the cortex and they form a well developed hyphal network on the surface