Chapter 4 Performance and Limitations

Question 1

Vno

Answer 1

Normal operating speed

Question 2

Moment

Answer 2

Product o the weight of an item multiplied by an arm. Expressed in lb/in

Question 3

Basic equations to find center of gravity

Answer 3

WeightxArm = Moment
Moment/Arm = Weight
Arm(CG) = Total Moment/Total Weight

Question 4

Vfe

Answer 4

Max flap extension speed

Question 5

Increase in density effect takeoff and landing

Answer 5

A. Increased takeoff distance (greater TAS)
B. Reduced rate of climb(decreased thrust and reduced acceleration)
C.increased true airspeed on approach and landing
D. Increased landing roll distance

Question 6

Pressure alt

Answer 6

Alt. Indicated when altimeter setting window is adjusted to 29.92. Alt above the standard datum plane

Question 7

Air density affect aircraft performance

Answer 7

A. Lift produced by the wings
B. Power output of the engine
C. Propeller efficiency
D. Drag forces

Question 8

Center of Gravity

Answer 8

The point about which an aircraft would balance if it were possible to suspend it at that point. Expressed in inches from datura

Question 9

What factors affect air density

Answer 9

Alt.—>the higher the less dense the air
Temp.—> the warmer the air, the less dense
Humidity —> more humid air is less dense

Question 10

Vy

Answer 10

Best rate of climb speed

Question 11

Vx

Answer 11

Best angle of climb speed

Question 12

Arm

Answer 12

Horizontal distance in inches from the reference datum line to the center of gravity of the item

Question 13

Gross Weight

Answer 13

Max allowable weight of both the plane and it contents

Question 14

When are spins most likely to occur

Answer 14

A) engine failure on takeoff during climb out-
B)crossed-control turn from base to final(slipping or skidding turn)
C)engine failure on approach to landing
D)Go-around with full nose trim-up
E)Go-around with improper flap retraction

Question 15

Vsi

Answer 15

Stall speed clean or in specified config

Question 16

Empty Weight

Answer 16

Weight of the airframe, engines, all permanently installed equipment, and unusually fuel. Depending on the FARs under which was certified, undrainable oil or full reservoir of oil is included

Question 17

Weight affect takeoff and landing

Answer 17

A. Higher liftoff speed
B. Greater mass to accelerate(slow acceleration)
C. Increased retarding force(drag and ground friction)
D. Longer takeoff distance

Question 18

Datum

Answer 18

An imaginary vertical plane or line form which all measurements of arm are taken. Established by manufacture

Question 19

Vne

Answer 19

Never exceed speed

Question 20

Vle

Answer 20

Max landing gear extension speed

Question 21

Recover From Spin

Answer 21

Power-reduce to idle
Ailerons-position to neutral
Rudder-apply full opposite against rotation
Elevator-apply positive, forwarded of neutral, movement to break stall

Question 22

Load Factor

Answer 22

Ratio of the total load supported by the airplane wing to the actual weight of the airplane and its contents. Actual load supported by the wings divided by the total weight of plane. Ex: weight of plane is equal to 1G and if load of 3x the actual weight of plane imposed upon the wing the load factor is equal to 3G

Question 23

Forward center of Gravity

Answer 23

Higher stall speed
Slower cruise speed
More stable
Greater back elevator pressure required

Question 24

2 reasons load factor is important

Answer 24

A) dangerous overload

B) increase load factor increases the stalling speed and makes stalls possible at seemingly safe flight speeds

Question 25

Adverse Yaw

Answer 25

When turning the opposite wing that is raised causes more drag and lift attempting to pull the nose towards the lifted wing, the undesired direction.

Question 26

Centrifugal force

Answer 26

The equal and opposite reaction of the airplane to the change in direction, and it acts equal and opposite the horizontal component lift

Question 27

Useful load

Answer 27

Weight of pilot, and anyone else on board, useable fuel and drainable oil

Question 28

What factors affect performance during takeoff and landings

Answer 28

``` A. Air density B. Surface wind C. Runway surface D. Upslope or downslope of runway E. Weight ```

Question 29

Spin

Answer 29

Is controlled or uncontrolled maneurver in which the airplane descends in a helical path while flying at an AOA greater than the critical AOA. Caused by exceeding critical AOA while applying excessive or insufficient rudder and lesser extent, aileron

Question 30

Vso

Answer 30

Stall speed in landing config

Question 31

Va

Answer 31

Maneurving speed

Question 32

Maneurering Speed

Answer 32

Max speed at which the limit can be imposed without causing structural damage. Allows to stall before an increase in load factor that would exceed the limit load. Increases with increase in weight and decrease with decrease in weight

Question 33

May result in load factors reaching the max or being exceeded

Answer 33

- level turns—>load increases significantly after the bank has reached 45* or 50*. Load factor on 60 deg. Is 2G - turbulence—> severe vertical gusts cause a sudden increase of AOA results in large loads which are resisted by inertia of plane - speed—> load depends on the speed. Speeds below manuerving speed plane will stall before the load factor can become excessive. Above maneuvering speed, limit load factor can be exceeded by excessive application of the controls

Question 34

Vlo

Answer 34

Max Landing gear operating speed

Question 35

Rearward Center of gravity

Answer 35

Lower stall speed Higher cruise speed Less stable

Question 36

Ground Effect

Answer 36

Improved performance the plane experiences when its operating near the ground. Airflow around the wing is restricted by the surface.

Question 37

Performance characteristics affected when overloaded

Answer 37

``` A. Higher takeoff speed B. Longer takeoff roll C. Reduced rate and angle of climb D. lower max alt E. Shorter range F. Reduced cruising speed G. Reduced maneurverabililty H. Higher stalling speed I. Higher landing speed J. Longer landing roll K. Excessive weight on the nosewheel ```

Question 38

Density alt

Answer 38

Pressure alt. Corrected for nonstandard temp. Under standard atmospheric condition, air at each level in the atmosphere has a specific density, and under standard conditions, pressure altitude and density altitude identify the same level. Density alt. Is vertical distance above sea level