Flashcards in Chapter 4 Poultry Product in Thailand Deck (58)
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1
Big Challenges in Poultry Industry
Temperature
Lack of Resources
Environmental Condition
Low Level Genetics
2
Chicken Products
Broiler: dominate 50% national production, cooked meat 95% export
Laying hens: Domestic consumption, the export will happen due to the over production.
Native Chicken: Domestic Consumption
3
Native Chicken Facts
- No pure native chicken
- The available one is crossbreed and C-Chicken
4
C-Chicken
The male laying hens
5
Industry Chain
Crossbreed pure blood line > grand parents seedstock > produce parents > produce commercial broilers
6
Pure Blood Line
Perkawinan sedarah yang menghasilkan fenotif anak sama persis dengan induk
7
Evaporating Cooling System
Specific housing design making the artificial environment for better chicken production
8
Egg
consist of: cell, albument, yolk
9
Lyzozyme
The protein that can be defensing agent for pathogens in albumens
10
Lecithin / phosphatidyl choline
for nerve, brain, cell membrane, (in yolk)
for emulsifier (mixing lipid and water)
11
HAUGH UNIT EQUATION
HU = 100 x log (H+7.57-1.7 W (pangkat 0.37))
12
Humerus
Numatic bone inside only air connected to the air sac, then the air going to lung
13
Femur & Tibia
Calcium bank for egg cell production ( CaCO3)
14
Bone
- High minerals > make it strong but light
- Straight backbone to protect for falling down
15
Eyes
Need enough light for stimulating brain reproducing sex hormones and organs.
180° range of sight
Sensitive for red, yellow, and orange color
16
Muscle
White: breast
Red: food, high hemoglobin, high level of fat
17
Brain
Stupid
Can't detect smell well
Optic loop developed well
18
Respiratory System
✓ Oxygen capturing process
✓ High metabolism rate
✓ Lung is compact tissue
✓ Everything is efficient!
19
Air Sac & Lung
• Abdominal Air Sac
• Posterior & Anterior Thoracic Air Sac
• Humerus Air Sac
• Interclavicular air sac
20
Urinary
No urinary bladder
Pipis + eek satu lubang
Reabsorbing water so well
21
Reproductive
Female: only left ovary and oviduct, sexual hole is in the same hole with telek
Male: Low development of of penis, only have internal penis
22
Internal Testis
it is required super warm condition (42-43°C), compare to human only 37°C
23
Poultry Products
Meat, Egg, Feather, Skin
24
Breeding Plan
Pure Blood Line
Crossbreed
Commercial
25
Pure Blood Line
AA BB CC
26
Crossbreed
AB BC
27
Commercial Breed
AB*BC
28
Incubation Process
Total days: 21 days
7 days: differentiation
7 days: growth
5 days: maturation
(19 days under temp of 100°F)
2 days: hatchery
29
Age and Temperature
The first age needs 32°C, then gradually decrease until 20°C
30
Brooding
Masa pengeraman pasca menetas
one cage 500 chickens
31
Brooding Behavior
1. too hot (separately stick into the outer line of the cage)
2. too low (gathered to the center)
3. draught (gathered to one part in outer line of the cage)
4. suitable ( spread throughout the cage)
32
Open house
using natural ventilation
33
Fogging System
uncommon in SEA
34
Evaporating Cooling Systems
Negative pressure inside, because it is carried out by fan
35
Close system housing
no fan, using light (lamp)
36
Growing Age in Laying Hens
1-17 weeks
37
Lying Age
18-60/80/70
38
The needs for growing stage
5.6 kg (1-17 weeks)
with body weight only 1.4 kg
39
The needs for lying stage
Egg weight: 60-70g (after reach 32 weeks)
Number of eggs: 250-260 eggs in 60 weeks
Feed: 107 gr/ day
40
Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR)
"How much feed (kg) needed to produce 1kg product"
41
Normal FCR Conversion
20-60 weeks age
2.02 - 2.07 kg to be converted into 1 kg chicken
42
Growing Space Recommendation
• Cage: high cost, high density, narrow space
• Floor: low cost, low density, need wide space
43
Brooding Temperature
• Cage: lower temp, less electricity
• Floor: higher temp, more electricity
44
Break Trimming
Only for laying hens to prevent cannibalism
45
Laying Hens Water Need
Age 1 week : 0.8 - 1.1 liter / 100 chicken
Age 16-20 weeks: 7.2 - 15.2 liter/ 100 ch
Age over 25 weeks: 15.2-20.8 liter/ 100 ch
46
Egg and Body Weight in the Peak Condition
Egg: 60 - 70 gr/ butir ; age 32 and over
Body: 1.4 kg to 2.0 kg ; age >17 weeks
47
Broiler Phase of Production
(Based on Strain Recommendation)
1. Starter: 1-21 days (1-3 weeks)
2. Grower: 22-42 days (4-6 weeks)
3. Finisher: 43-49 days ( 6-7 weeks)
48
Moisture for Broiler
60 - 70%
Higher: die
Lower: dehydration and aggressive
49
Temperature for Broiler
32°C for beginning, gradually decrease until 20°C
50
Stock Density
2.27 (~2.2 kg) * 12.7 chickens > 1 m2
Gampangnya: dalam satu.kandang ukuran 1 meter persegi, ayam yang ada didalam harus sejumlah 12 ekor dengan berat rata-rata masing-masing ~2.2 kg.
51
Broiler Feed
Mash Form : so cheap for layers in lying stage
Pellet Form: for gradually eating after starter
Crumb Form: expensive, good nutrition for starter.
52
Broiler Feder Model
Bell : 8 drinkers (diameter 40 cm) / 1000 chickens
Nipple: 83 nipples/ 1000 chickens or 9-12 birds/ nipple
53
Broiler Water Quality
sodium: 50 ppm/ mmHg
pH: ~6.5
Volume: 2x feed
54
Broiler Light Needs
s.d 2.5 kg : age 0-8 days (23 light, 1 dark); age 8-3 days before slaughter (20 light, 4 dark)
diatas 2.5 kg.: age 0-8 days (23 light, 1 dark); age 8-3 days before slaughter (18 light, 6 dark)
55
Discase Exposure
No trees around, for preventing the avian flu.
56
Bedding
harus sehat, gak berjamur, gak ada patogen
57
Uniformity
CV% lower than 10% (Coefficient of Valience)
semakin rendah, semakin seragam, semakin baik
58
