Chapter 4: Prenatal Development & Birth

Question 1

Embryonic Period

Answer 1

Third through the eighth week. Happens after conception, basic forms of all body structures, and internal organs.

Question 2

Fetal Period

Answer 2

Ninth week until birth. Fetus gains 7 pounds and organs become more mature, more able to function on their own.

Question 3

Implantation

Answer 3

Process about 10 days after conception. The child burrows into the placenta lining the uterus, where it is protected and nourished.

Question 4

Embryo

Answer 4

Name of a developing child from third to eighth week of conception.

Question 5

Fetus

Answer 5

Name of developing child from the ninth week until birth.

Question 6

Ultrasound

Answer 6

Image of a fetus produced by using high frequency sound waves.

Question 7

Age of Viability

Answer 7

Age at which a fetus might survive outside of mother’s uterus if proper medical care is valid.

Question 8

Apgar Scale

Answer 8

Quick assessment of a newborn’s health. All parts of baby are given a score out of 0-2 twice, at 1-5 minutes, and each time all scores is compared to a 10 score.

Question 9

Cesarean Section (C-Section)

Answer 9

Surgical birth where incisions are made for the fetus to cone through the mother’s abdomen instead of vagina.

Question 10

Doula

Answer 10

Person trained to support the delivering woman.

Question 11

Teratogen

Answer 11

Drugs, viruses, pollutants, or stress increasing risk of prenatal abnormalities and birth complications.

Question 12

Behavioral Teratogens

Answer 12

Conditions that can harm the prenatal brain, affecting child’s intellectual and emotional functions.

Question 13

Threshold Effect

Answer 13

Where a teratogen is harmless in small doses, but becomes harmful once exposure reaches a certain level.

Question 14

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

Answer 14

Happening during period of the embryo, a mother’s heavy drinking can cause this.

Question 15

False Positive

Answer 15

Test that determines if a problem is false and does not exist.

Question 16

Cerebral Palsy

Answer 16

Disease caused by difficulties in movement. Their speech can also be affected by this as well. This is brain damage to the motor centers.

Question 17

Anoxia

Answer 17

Lack of oxygen that can cause brain damage or death.

Question 18

Low Birthweight (LBW)

Answer 18

Body weight at birth less than 5 and a half pounds.

Question 19

Very Low Birthweight (VLBW)

Answer 19

Body weight at birth less than 3 pounds.

Question 20

Extremely Low Birthweight (ELBW)

Answer 20

Body weight less than 2 pounds.

Question 21

Preterm

Answer 21

Birth occurring 3 or more weeks before 38 weeks of the typical pregnancy.

Question 22

Small for Gestational Age (SGA)

Answer 22

Full-term baby weighing 5 pounds, which is low. This can be any weight when predicted time is over.

Question 23

Immigrant Paradox

Answer 23

Immigrant women tend to have fewer birth complications than native-born peers with higher incomes.

Question 24

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)

Answer 24

Test to newborns measuring responsiveness and records 46 behaviors, and 20 reflexes.

Question 25

Reflex

Answer 25

Unlearned action or movement in response to a stimulus. A reflex occurs without conscious thought.

Question 26

Postpartum Depression

Answer 26

New mother's feelings of sadness in the days/weeks after giving birth.

Question 27

Couvade

Answer 27

Symptoms of pregnancy and birth experienced by father's.

Question 28

Parental Alliance

Answer 28

Cooperation between a mother and father based on mutual commitment to children. Parents support each other in parental roles.

Question 29

Parent-Infant Bond

Answer 29

Strong, loving connection forming as parents hold, examine, and feed newborn.

Question 30

Kangaroo Care

Answer 30

Newborn care where mother's (sometimes father's) rest their babies on their chests like a kangaroo does.

Question 31

Germinal Period

Answer 31

First two weeks of prenatal development. Happens after conception, caused by rapid cell division and beginning of cell differentiation.

Question 32

Germinal

Answer 32

Name of developing child from first through the third week of conception.