chapter 4 quiz

Question 1

which of the following english vowels is most likely to include lip rounding?

/e/
/u/
/i/
/ae/

Answer 1

/u/

Question 2

tenseness or laxness of a vowel refers to the _____

Answer 2

• relative degree of muscle activity involved in producing the vowel
• duration of the vowel

Question 3

the choice to transcribe a vowel as either /e^/ or /3^/ is mostly dependent upon:

Answer 3

whether or not the syllable is stressed

Question 4

which of the following is a non-phonemic diphthong?
/aI/
/ae/
/ou/
/cI/

Answer 4

/ou/

Question 5

except in the context of nasal consonants the velopharynx is normally ____ during production of vowesl

Answer 5

closed

Question 6

which of the following minimal word pairs illustrates the contrast between front and back vowels?

foot-fought
hit-hat
shirt-shot
weed-wood

Answer 6

weed-wood

Question 7

whenever rate of speech increases or stress on a syllable decreases there is a tendency for vowels to be

Answer 7

reduced

Question 8

which of the following would be the highest vowel?

/o/
/i/
/e^/
/ae/

Answer 8

/i/

Question 9

the region of greatest constriction in the mouth for back vowels is

Answer 9

the velum

Question 10

which of the following classes of vowels occur more frequently in english?

Answer 10

front vowels

Question 11

when vowels are produced next to nasal consonants they are often

Answer 11

nasalized

Question 12

which of the following sets contains only back vowels

Answer 12

/u,a,-u-, backward c/

Question 13

the energy source for vowels is modified or filtered by the vocal tract. this is the basis for

Answer 13

source-filtered theory

Question 14

on a spectrogram, the amount of energy present is indicated by

Answer 14

the relative darkness of the formants

Question 15

each vowel shape or configuration creates a somewhat unique set of frequencies where the vocal tracts will resonate best. These frequencies are referred to as

Answer 15

formants

Question 16

most of the worlds language include the vowels /i,a,u/

Answer 16

true

Question 17

modifying /au/ to /a/ is an example of diphthongization

Answer 17

false

Question 18

in vowel reduction, the vowel is changed to /i/

Answer 18

false

Question 19

vowels are not always produced with voicing

Answer 19

true

Question 20

all english front vowels are unrounded

Answer 20

true

Question 21

the jaw is never involved in changing tongue height

Answer 21

false

Question 22

relative front to back position for vowels is termed tongue advancement

Answer 22

true

Question 23

languages tend to use front and back vowels less often than central vowels

Answer 23

false

Question 24

the onglide in /au/ is /-u-/

Answer 24

false

Question 25

another name for single vowel is a monophthong

Answer 25

true

Question 26

rounding of the lips shortens the vocal tract

Answer 26

false

Question 27

tongue height doesnt vary much among the central vowels of english

Answer 27

true

Question 28

its safe to assume that the energy source for all vowels is the same

Answer 28

true

Question 29

three formants are usually sufficient to distinguish among vowels on a spectrogram

Answer 29

true

Question 30

the format frequencies of men are higher than those of women and children

Answer 30

false

Question 31

in learning a second language the easiest vowels to learn would likely be

Answer 31

vowels that are quite different from those in the first language

Question 32

whenever rate of speech increases or stress on a syllable decreases there is a tendency for vowels to be

Answer 32

reduced

Question 33

the ending position of a diphthong is sometimes called the

Answer 33

offglide

Question 34

which of the following minimal word pairs illustrate the contrast between tense and lax vowels?

leak–lick
lick–look
leak–lake
lick–luck

Answer 34

leak–lick