Chapter 4 - sensation, perception and consciousnees

Question 1

the selection organization, and interpretation of sensory input. organizing sensory input i to something meaningful.

Answer 1

perception

Question 2

selective attention

Answer 2

the idea that ppl can pay attention to only one or two things at a time

• cocktail party effect
• stroop effect: attending to one thing interferes with ur attention to something else

Question 3

what are the 5 senses?

Answer 3

sight, sound, smell, taste, touch

Question 4

receiving, translating, and transmitting raw sensory data to brain

Answer 4

sensation

Question 5

describe process of which light enters the eye?

Answer 5

light enters the eye through the cornea and pupil and is focused upside down on the retina by the lens.

Question 6

nearsightedness

Answer 6

close objects are seen clearly but distant objects appear blurry (eyeball is too long)

Question 7

farsightedness

Answer 7

distant objects are seen clearly but close objects appear blurry (eyeball is too short)

Question 8

opening in the centre of the iris that helps regulate the amount of light passing into the rear chamber of eye

Answer 8

pupil

Question 9

coloured ring of muscle surrounding the pupil

Answer 9

iris

Question 10

saccades

Answer 10

fast eye movements

Question 11

brains envoy in the eye - neural tissue lining the inside back surface of the eye; absorbs light, processes images, and sends visual info to brain via the optic nerve

Answer 11

retina

Question 12

increase in sensitivity to light when illumination decreases. takes 20-30 min

Answer 12

dark adaptation

Question 13

adjustment that takes place when you go form darkness to a bright setting. 7-10 min.

Answer 13

light adaptation

Question 14

play key role in daylight vision and are concentrated in fovea

Answer 14

cones

Question 15

greatest density outside the fovea, critical to night vision

Answer 15

rods

Question 16

the optic nerves from the inside half of each rye cross at the optic chiasm and then project

Answer 16

to the opposite half of the brain

Question 17

interpretation of visual cues that indicate hoe near or far away objects are. ppl rely on binocular cues and monocular cues to tell how far something is.

Answer 17

depth perception

Question 18

clues about distance based on the differing views of the two eyes

Answer 18

binocular cues

Question 19

slight difference in the visual images on the retinas between left and right eye -> combo of images gives 3d visual

Answer 19

binocular cue - retinal disparity

Question 20

sensing the eyes converging towards each other as they focus on nearby object

Answer 20

binocular cue - convergence

Question 21

clues about distance based on the image in either eye alone

Answer 21

monocular cues

Question 22

when moving, objects that are closer seem to move more quickly than those at a distance

Answer 22

monocular cue - motion parallax

Question 23

objects which look flat when stationary appear to be 3d when set in motion

Answer 23

monocular cue - kinetic depth effect

Question 24

distant objects appear closer together than nearer objects

Answer 24

monocular cue - linear perspective

Question 25

when one object blocks out another it seems closer

Answer 25

monocular cue - interposition

Question 26

surfaces that have little texture or detail seem more distant

Answer 26

monocular cue - texture gradient

Question 27

closer objects appear larger

Answer 27

monocular cue - relative size

Question 28

objects positioned higher in a picture are seen as farther away

Answer 28

monocular cue - relative height

Question 29

patterns of light and dark suggest shadows that can create an impression of 3d forms

Answer 29

monocular cue - highlighting and shadowing

Question 30

position if light and position of viewer - perceive hazy objects as further away

Answer 30

monocular cue - relative clarity or shading

Question 31

perception of a physical stimulus differing from measurable reality

Answer 31

illusion

Question 32

5 gestalt principals?

Answer 32

proximity, closure, similarity, figure and ground, continuity

Question 33

see objects that are close to each other and try to group them together.

Answer 33

gestalt principal - proximity

Question 34

organize perceptual fields into figure (what stands out) and ground (background)

Answer 34

gestalt principals - figure and ground

Question 35

for a disconnected or incomplete figure, we fill in the spaces and see it as a complete figure

Answer 35

gestalt principle - closure

Question 36

group similar objects together; seen as a unit

Answer 36

gestalt principle - similarity

Question 37

string of items indicates where next item in the string will be found

Answer 37

gestalt principle - continuity

Question 38

sensation that an amputated or missing limb is still attached to the body

Answer 38

phantom limb pain

Question 39

types of esp?

Answer 39

telepath, clairvoyance, precognition, psychokinesis

Question 40

transfer of thoughts from one person to another

Answer 40

telepath

Question 41

recognizing objects or events not discernible by normal sensory receptions

Answer 41

clairvoyance

Question 42

inexplicable knowledge of future events

Answer 42

precognition

Question 43

ability to move objects w/ mental powers

Answer 43

psychokinesis

Question 44

perception below threshold of awareness

Answer 44

subliminal

Question 45

perceptions of colour (hue) are primarily a function of

Answer 45

light wavelength

Question 46

amplitude of light wavelength affects

Answer 46

brightness

Question 47

purity of light wavelengths affect

Answer 47

saturation

Question 48

Inattentional blindness

Answer 48

failure to see unexpected visual objects/events in visual display

Question 49

perception of pain is both

Answer 49

physical and psychological

Question 50

brief exposure to sounds over ____ can be painful and damaging

Answer 50

120 db

Question 51

human ear is most sensitive to sounds around ______

Answer 51

2000 hz

Question 52

3 sections of ear:

Answer 52

external ear, the middle ear, inner ear

Question 53

sound collecting cone and auditory canal both found in external ear

Answer 53

pinna and eardrum

Question 54

3 tiniest bones in body found in middle ear

Answer 54

hammer, anvil and stirrup - known as ossicles

Question 55

fluid filled coiled tunnel found in inner ear is

Answer 55

cochlea

Question 56

incoming pain signals can be blocked in the spinal cord. endorphins and a descending neural pathway appear to be responsible for the suppression of pain by the cns.

Answer 56

gate control theory

Question 57

what is absolute threshold?

Answer 57

stimulus that can be detected 50 percent of the time

Question 58

Jims optometrist has just informed him that he needs glasses to cope with his farsightedness. what will jims new glasses do?

Answer 58

adjust the focus of light forward, so that it falls on the retina