Chapter 4 [Skeletal System] Diseases

Question 1

arthralgia

Answer 1

Joint pain

Question 2

bursitis

Answer 2

Inflammation of a bursa

Question 3

callus

Answer 3

Mass of bone tissue that forms at
fracture site during its healing

Question 4

chondromalacia

Answer 4

Softening of cartilage

Question 5

crepitation

Answer 5

Noise produced by bones or cart
rubbing together in conditions st
as arthritis; also called crepitus

Question 6

ostealgia

Answer 6

Bone pain

Question 7

synovitis

Answer 7

Inflammation of synovial membrane

Question 8

closed fracture

Answer 8

Fracture in which there is no open skin wound

Question 9

Colles’ fracture

Answer 9

Common type of wrist fracture

Question 10

comminuted fracture

Answer 10

Fracture in which bone is shattered,
splintered, or crushed into many small
pieces or fragments

Question 11

compound fracture

Answer 11

Fracture in which bone has broken
through skin

Question 12

compression fracture

Answer 12

Fracture involving loss of height of
a vertebral body; may be result of
trauma, but in older people, especially
women, may be caused by conditions
like osteoporosis

Question 13

fracture

Answer 13

Broken bone

Question 14

greenstick fracture

Answer 14

Fracture in which there is an incom-
plete break; one side of bone is bro-
ken and other side is bent; fracture
type commonly found in children due
to their softer and more pliable bone
structure

Question 15

impacted fracture

Answer 15

Fracture in which bone fragments are
pushed into each other

Question 16

oblique fracture

Answer 16

Fracture at an angle to bone

Question 17

pathologic fracture

Answer 17

Fracture caused by diseased or weakened bone

Question 18

spiral fracture

Answer 18

Fracture in which fracture line spirals
around shaft of bone; can be caused
by twisting injury and is often slower
to heal than other types of fractures

Question 19

stress fracture

Answer 19

Slight fracture caused by repetitive,
low-impact forces, like running, rather
than single, forceful impact

Question 20

transverse fracture

Answer 20

Complete fracture that is straight
across bone at right angles to lon,
axis of bone

Question 21

chondroma

Answer 21

Tumor, usually benign, that forms in
cartilage

Question 22

Ewing’s sarcoma

Answer 22

Malignant growth found in shaft of
long bones that spreads through
periosteum; removal is treatment of
choice because tumor will metasta-
size or spread to other organs

Question 23

exostosis

Answer 23

Bony, outward projection from sur-
face of a bone; also called bone spur

Question 24

myeloma

Answer 24

Tumor that forms in bone marrow tissue

Question 25

osteochondroma

Answer 25

Tumor, usually benign, that consists
of both bone and cartilage tissue

Question 26

osteogenic sarcoma

Answer 26

Most common type of bone cancer;
usually begins in osteocytes found
at ends of long bones;

Question 27

osteoma

Answer 27

Tumor found in bone tissue

Question 28

osteomalacia

Answer 28

Softening of bones caused by deficiency of calcium; thought to be caused by insufficient sunlight and vitamin D in children

Question 29

osteomyelitis

Answer 29

Inflammation of bone and bone
marrow

Question 30

osteopathy

Answer 30

General term for bone disease

Question 31

osteoporosis

Answer 31

Decrease in bone mass producing a thinning and weakening of bone with resulting fractures; bone becomes more porous, especially in spine and pelvis

Question 32

ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 32

Inflammatory spinal condition resem-
bling rheumatoid arthritis and results
in gradual stiffening and fusion of ver-
tebrae; more common in men than in
women

Question 33

kyphosis

Answer 33

Abnormal increase in outward curva-
ture of thoracic spine

Question 34

lordosis

Answer 34

Abnormal increase in forward
curvature of lumbar spine; also known
as swayback

Question 35

scoliosis

Answer 35

Abnormal lateral curvature of
spine; see again Figure 4-19 for illus-
tration of abnormal spine curvatures

Question 36

spina bifida

Answer 36

Congenital anomaly occurring
when vertebra fails to fully form
around spinal cord

Question 37

spinal stenosis

Answer 37

Narrowing of spinal canal causing
pressure on cord and nerves

Question 38

spondylolisthesis

Answer 38

Forward sliding of lumbar vertebra
over vertebra below it

Question 39

spondylosis

Answer 39

Specifically refers to ankylosing of spine, but commonly used in reference to any degenerative condition of 1 vertebral column

Question 40

bunion

Answer 40

Inflammation of bursa of first metatar-
sophalangeal joint (base of big toe)

Question 41

dislocation

Answer 41

Occurs when bones in a joint are
displaced from normal alignment
and ends of bones are no longer in
contact

Question 42

osteoarthritis (OA)

Answer 42

Arthritis resulting in degeneration of
bones and joints, especially those
bearing weight; results in bone rub-
bing against bone;