Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Medical Terminology > Chapter 5 [Cardiovascular System] Diseases > Flashcards

Chapter 5 [Cardiovascular System] Diseases Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

cardiology

A

Branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of cardiovascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cardiovascular technologist/ technician

A

Healthcare professional trained to perform variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures including electrocardiography, and exercise stress test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cardiovascular technologist/ technician

A

Healthcare professional trained to perform variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures including electrocardiography, and exercise stress test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

angiitis

A

Inflammation of a vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

angiospasm

A

Involuntary muscle contraction of smooth muscle in wall of a vessel; narrows vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

angiostenosis

A

Narrowing of a vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

embolus

A

Obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that has broken off from thrombus somewhere else In body and traveled to point of obstruction; if it occurs in coronary artery, may result in myocardial infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

infarct

A

Area of tissue within organ or part that under. goes necrosis (death following loss of its blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ischemia

A

Localized and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to obstruction to circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

murmur

A

A sound, in addition to normal heart sounds, arising from blood flowing through heart; extra sound may or may not indicate a heart abnormality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

Sudden drop in blood pressure a person experiences when standing straight up suddenly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

palpitations

A

Pounding, racing heartbeats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

plaque

A

Yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in artery that is hallmark of atherosclerosis; also called an atheroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

regurgitation

A

To flow backward; in cardiovascular system this refers to backflow of blood through a valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

thrombus (THROM-bus)

A

Blood clot forming within blood vessel; may partially or completely occlude blood vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

angina pectoris (an-JYE-nah / PEK-tor-is)

A

Condition in which there is severe pain with sensation of constriction around heart; caused by deficiency of oxygen to heart muscle; commonly called chest pain (CP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cardiac arrest

A

Complete stopping of heart activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cardiac tamponade
(KAR-dee-ak / tam-poh-NADE)

A

Pressure on heart as a result of fluid buildup around heart inside pericardial sac; heart becomes unable to pump blood effectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cardiomegaly (kar-dee-oh-MEG-ah-lee)

A

enlarged heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cardiomyopathy
(kar-dee-oh-my-OP-ah-thee)

A

General term for disease of myocardium; can be caused by alcohol abuse, parasites, viral infection, and congestive heart failure; one of most common reasons a patient may require heart transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

congenital septal defect (CSD)

A

Hole, present at birth, in septum between two heart chambers; results in mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood; can be an atrial septal defect (ASD) and a ventricular septal defect (VSD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)
(kon-JESS-tiv)

A

Pathological condition of heart in which there is reduced outflow of blood from left side of heart because left ventricle myocardium has become too weak to efficiently pump blood; results in weakness, breathlessness, and edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD)
(KOR-ah-nair-ee)

A

Insufficient blood supply to heart muscle due to obstruction of one or more coronary arteries. may be caused by atherosclerosis and may cause angina pectoris and myocardial infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

endocarditis
(en-doh-kar-DYE-tis)

A

Inflammation of lining membranes of heart, may be due to bacteria or to abnormal immunological response; in bacterial endocarditis, mass of bacteria that forms is referred to as
vegetation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
heart valve prolapse (PROH-laps)
Condition in which cusps or flaps of heart valve are too loose and fail to shut tightly, allowing blood to flow backward through valve when heart chamber contracts; most commonly occurs in mitral valve, but may affect any of heart valves; also called heart valve incompetence or heart valve
24
heart valve stenosis (steh-NOH-sis)
Condition in which cusps or flaps of heart valve are too stiff and are unable to open fully (making it difficult for blood to flow through) or Shut tightly (allowing blood to flow backward: condition may affect any of heart valves
25
myocardial infarction (MI) (my-oh-KAR-dee-al / in-FARK-shun)
Condition caused by partial or complete occlusion or closing of one or more of coronary arteries; symptoms include squeezing pain or heavy pressure in middle of chest (angina pectoris); delay in treatment could result in death;
26
myocarditis (my-oh-kar-DYE-tis)
Inflammation of muscle layer of heart wall
27
pericarditis (pair-ih-kar-DYE-tis)
Inflammation of pericardial sac around heart
28
tetralogy of Fallot (teh-TRALL-oh-jee / fal-LOH
Combination of four congenital anomalies: pulmonary stenosis, interventricular septal defect, improper placement of aorta, and hypertrophy of right ventricle; needs immediate surgery to correct
29
valvulitis (val-vyoo-LYE-tis)
Inflammation of a heart valve
30
arrhythmia (ah-RITH-mee-an)
Irregularity in heartbeat or action; comes in many different forms; may be too fast, too slow, or irregular pattern; some are not serious, while others are life-threatening
31
bundle branch block (BBB)
Occurs when electrical impulse is blocked from traveling down bundle of His or bundle branches; results in ventricles beating at different rate than atria; also called a heart block
32
bradycardia (brad-ee-KAR-dee-ah)
Condition of having a slow heart rate, typically less than 60 beats/minute; highly trained aerobic persons may normally have a slow heart rate
33
fibrillation (fib) (fih-brill-AY-shun)
Extremely serious arrhythmia characterized by abnormal quivering or contraction of heart fibers
34
flutter
arrhythmia in which atria beat (too rapidly but in regular pattern
35
premature atrial contraction (PAC) (AY-tree-al)
arrhythmia in which atria contract earlier than they should
36
premature ventricular contraction (PVC) (ven-TRIK-yoo-lar)
arrhythmia in which ventricles contract earlier than they should
37
tachycardia (tak-ee-KAR-dee-ah)
Condition of having a fast heart rate, typically more than 100 beats/ minute while at rest
38
aneurysm (AN-yoo-rizm)
Weakness in wail of artery resulting in localized widening of artery, although aneurysm may develop in any artery, common sites include aorta in abdomen and cerebral arteries in brain
39
arteriorrhexis (ar-tee-ree-oh-REK-sis)
Ruptured artery; may occur if aneurysm ruptures arterial wall
40
arteriosclerosis (AS) (ar-tee-ree-oh-skleh-ROH-sis)
Thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of walls of arteries; most often due to atherosclerosis
41
atheroma (ath-er-OH-mah)
Deposit of fatty substance in wall of artery that bulges into and narrows lumen of artery; characteristic of atherosclerosis; also called a plaque
42
atherosclerosis (ath-er-oh-skleh-ROH-sis)
Most common form of arteriosclerosis; caused by formation of yellowish plaques of cholesterol on inner walls of arteries
43
coarctation of the aorta (Co) (koh-ark-TAY-shun)
Severe congenital narrowing of aorta
44
deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (throm-BOH-sis)
Formation of blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the legs; embolus breaking off from this thrombosis would travel to lungs and block blood flow through lungs
45
hemorrhoid (HEM-oh-royd)
Varicose veins in anal region
46
hemorrhoid (HEM-oh-royd)
Varicose veins in anal region
47
hypertension (HTN) (high-per-TEN-shun)
Blood pressure (BP) above normal range; essential or primary hypertension occurs directly from cardiovascular disease; secondary hypertension refers to high blood pressure resulting from another disease such as kidney disease
48
hypertension (HTN) (high-per-TEN-shun)
Blood pressure (BP) above normal range; essential or primary hypertension occurs directly from cardiovascular disease; secondary hypertension refers to high blood pressure resulting from another disease such as kidney disease
49
hypotension (high-poh-TEN-shun)
Decrease in blood pressure (BP); can occur in shock, infection, cancer, anemia, or as death approaches
50
hypotension (high-poh-TEN-shun)
Decrease in blood pressure (BP); can occur in shock, infection, cancer, anemia, or as death approaches
51
patent ductus arteriosus /PDA pAY-tent / DUK-tus ar-tee-ree-OH-sis)
Congenital heart anomaly in which fetal connection between pulmonary artery and aorta fails to close at birth; condition may be treated with medication and resolve with time; however, in some cases, surgery is required
52
peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
An abnormal condition affecting blood vessels outside heart; symptoms may include pain, pallor, numbness, and loss of circulation and pulse
53
phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein
54
polyarteritis (pol-ee-ar-ter-EYE-tis)
Inflammation of several arteries
55
Raynaud's phenomenon (ray-NOZ)
Periodic ischemic attacks affecting extremities of body, especially fingers, toes, ears, and nose; affected extremities become cyanotic and very painful; attacks are brought on by arterial constriction due to extreme cold or emotional stress
56
thrombophlebitis (throm-boh-fleh-BYE-tis)
Inflammation of vein resulting in formation of blood clots within vein
57
thrombophlebitis (throm-boh-fleh-BYE-tis)
Inflammation of vein resulting in formation of blood clots within vein
58
varicose veins (VAIR-ih-kohs)
Swollen and distended veins, usually in legs

Medical Terminology (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions