Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Intro to Behavioral Neuroscience > Chapter 4: The Chemistry of Behavior > Flashcards

Chapter 4: The Chemistry of Behavior Flashcards

(76 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Criteria of classic neurotransmitters

A
  1. Present in synaptic axon terminals
  2. Presynaptic cell has enzymes for NT (makes for a reason)
  3. Action potentials produce significant release of NTs
  4. NT receptors located on the postsynaptic cell
  5. Application of NT produces change in postsynaptic cell
  6. If you block NT release, it prevents the postsynaptic effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Neuropharmacology

A

The discovery and study of compounds that selectively affect the functioning of the nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Neuropeptides

A

Short string of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Retrograde Transmitters

A

Go from postsynaptic cell to presynaptic cell (backwards)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Amino Acids (ex)

A

GABA and Glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

GABA

A

Primary fast inhibitory NT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Glutamate

A

Primary fast excitatory NT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Monoamines (ex)

A

NTs involved in regulating mood and memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dopamine, Norepinephrine,
and Epinephrine are all…

A

Monoamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Acetylcholine

A

A compound that functions as a NT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ligand

A

Any substance that binds to a receptor and has some sort of effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Agonists

A

Substances that mimic hormones/neurotransmitters to trigger a response when they bind to a receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Antagonists

A

Substances that block the action of other substances, such as agonists.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Inverse Agonist

A

Produces opposite effect from normal activation of a receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Competitive Ligand

A

A drug that binds to the same receptor site as another ligand/agonist and prevents the agonist from binding and activating the receptor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Non-Competitive Ligand

A

A compound that binds to a receptor protein at a different site than an agonist and prevents the agonists biological response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nicotinic Receptor

A

Ionotropic and Excitatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Muscarinic Receptor

A

Postganglionic cells of autonomic system (parasympathetic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dopamine D1 and D5

A

Stimulate production of cyclic AMP (cAMP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dopamine D2, D3, and D4

A

Inhibit production of cAMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA): DA Neurons

A

Involved in reward, emotion, reinforcement, and addiction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Substantia Nigra: DA Neurons

A

Innervate the dorsal striatum = motor control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Parkinsons Disease

A

Destruction of Substantia Nigra dopamine neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Norepinephrine a1

A

Activates Phospholipase C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Norepinephrine B1 and B2
Stimulatory to cAMP system
26
Norepinephrine a2
Inhibitory to cAMP system
27
Serotonin
Involved in mood, anxiety, sleep, and variety of other functions
28
Generalization
The RECEPTOR determines whether NT is excitatory or inhibitory
29
GABA
The primary inhibitory NT in the central nervous system
30
GABA A
Receptor, Ionotropic, Chloride Channel
31
GABA B
Receptor, Metabotropic, Slow IPSP
32
Glutamate
Primary fast excitatory NT in the Central Nervous System
33
NMDA Receptor
Magnesium block requires depolarization to open
34
AMPA Receptor
Sodium channels that when open, produce EPSP
35
Glutamate Synapses
Found on dendritic spine heads
36
GABA Synapses
Found on the dendritic shaft of spine, cell bodies, and close to axon hillock
37
Peptide
Co-Transmitters
38
Opioid Peptide
Usually released with GABA from GABAergic neurons
39
Gases
Often retrograde. Simply diffuses across cell membrane
40
Gas Example
Nitric Oxide
41
Binding Affinity
The strength of the binding interaction between a single biomolecule (protein/DNA) to its ligand/binding partner
42
Dose Response Curve
The graphical relationship between the dose of a drug versus the effects the drug exerts on the system.
43
Metabolic Tolerance
Tolerance is built due to change in how the drug is metabolized (by the liver)
44
Functional Tolerance
The ability of an individual's brain to adapt and operate normally even when exposed to high levels of alcohol or drugs - Underlies withdrawal symptoms
45
Sensitization
The opposite of tolerance
46
Serotonin Reuptake Transporter
SERT
47
Norepinephrine Reuptake Transporter
NET
48
Dopamine Reuptake Transporter
DAT
49
1st Generation Antipsychotics
Antagonist activity at dopamine D2 receptors
50
2nd Generation Antipsychotics
Actions other than or in addition to D2 receptor
51
Antidepressent
Class of drugs that relieve symptoms of depression
52
Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitors
A class of enzymes that break down and thereby inactivate monoamine transmitters
53
Anxiolytics
A class of substances that are used to combat anxiety
54
Anxiolytics Examples
Alcohol, Opiates, Barbiturates, and Benzodiazepines
55
Depressents
A drug that reduces the excitability of neurons
56
Barbiturate
A powerful sedative anxiolytic with dangerous addiction and overdose potential
57
Benzodiazepine Agonists
A class of anti-anxiety drugs that bind to sites on GABA A receptors
58
Neuroactive Drugs
Drugs used to alter consciousness
59
Efficacy
The extent to which ligand activated receptor. - May not activate it as well as another drug.
60
Competitive Ligand
Competes with it for its binding site.
61
Non-Competitive Ligand
Will bind to a place where the neurotransmitter does not bind to.
62
Exogenous
Comes from outside the body
63
Endogenous
Comes from inside the body
64
iGluRs
Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors
65
Direct
Binds directly to the receptor site
66
Indirect
Blocking reuptake / "do something else" - Does not bind to receptor site
67
ED 50 Curve
Dose that produces half the maximal effect
68
Maximal Response Curve
Where the drugs response maxes out
69
Therapeutic Index Curve
Distance between LD50 and TD50
70
LD50
Dose that kills half of the people/animals that receive it
71
TD50
Dose that produces toxicity in half of the people/animals that receive it.
72
Upregulation
The more the receptors, the more neurotransmitters bind.
73
Down regulation
When agonists bind for a longer time = desensitization
74
Tricyclics
Block NET and SERT
75
Alcohol
Structure is very similar to water which allows it to flow freely through the body.
76

Intro to Behavioral Neuroscience (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions