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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 4 Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Tissues Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Differentiation of cells has caused them to lose what ability?

A

Perform all of the metabolic functions

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2
Q

What is the study of the microscopic anatomy of tissues and organs?

A

Histology and micro anatomy

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3
Q

What are the four tissues in the body?

A

Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue

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4
Q

What does the epithelial tissue do?

A

Covers and lines

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5
Q

What does the connective tissue do?

A

Provides support

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6
Q

What does the muscle tissue do?

A

Enables movement

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7
Q

What does the nervous tissue do?

A

Controls work

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8
Q

What are the 5 functions of epithelial tissue?

A 
Protects, covers, and lines
Filters biochemical substance
Absorb nutrients 
Provide sensory input 
Manufactures secretions and excretions
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9
Q

What are the 2 ends of the polar epithelial cell?

A

Apical and basal surface

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10
Q

How does avascular epithelial tissue receive nourishment to stay alive?

A

Rely on underlying connective tissue to provide oxygen and nutrients

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11
Q

What are the 3 junctional complexes that bind adjacent epithelial cells?

A

Gap junction
Tight junction
Desmosome

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12
Q

What does the gab junction do?

A

Allow exchange and passage of ions and nutrients

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13
Q

What does tight junction do?

A

Prevent no leaks

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14
Q

What does desmosome do?

A

Connects the plasma membrane

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15
Q

The basement membrane serves to connect which types of tissue?

A

Epithelial cell to connective tissue

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16
Q

What is another name for the basement membrane?

A

Basal lamina

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17
Q

What function does keratin serve in an epithelial cell?

A

A protective waterproof substance

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18
Q

What is the function/purpose of microvilli?

A

Increases the surface area thereby increasing the absorptive ability of the cell

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19
Q

What two systems of the body are cilia found?

A

Respiratory and reproduction

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20
Q

When is the epithelial tissue considered stratified?

A

If there is more than one layer of cells

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21
Q

What are the 3 shapes of epithelial cells?

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

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22
Q

What 2 things can pass between simple squamous epithelial cells?

A

Gas or liquid

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23
Q

Glands are usually made of epithelial cells of what shape?

A

Cuboidal

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24
Q

What type of epithelium lines the GI tract and why does it have a brush border?

A

Simple columnar epithelial for absorption

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25
Stratified squamous epithelium is found in areas of the body that are subject to what stresses?
Mechanical and chemical
26
Which type of epithelium is rare to find in the body?
Stratified columnar epithelium
27
All cells of pseudostratified columnar epithelium touch what structure?
Basement membrane
28
What surface specialization is usually found on pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
Luminal surface
29
Transitional epithelium is always associated with what system of the body?
Urinary Tract
30
What is special about transitional epithelium?
Ability to stretch, forms a leak proof membrane
31
Which type of gland contains ducts?
Exocrine
32
Which type of gland contains sinusoids?
Endocrine
33
What is the name of the cell that is unicellular exocrine gland? What does it produce?
Goblet cell | Produces mucus
34
What epithelial cell shape has the unicellular gland modified from?
Columnar
35
What type of epithelial cell is found in mammary glands and assists with the discharge of secretions into the ducts of the gland?
Myoepithelial
36
If the main duct of an exocrine gland is branched, it is called what?
Compound gland
37
In what type of exocrine gland do the cells lyse when it's secretions are released?
Holocrine gland
38
What manner of secretion do most glands of the body utilize?
Mucous
39
Apical surface
Faces the lumen or body cavity
40
Basal surface
Faces the underlying connective tissue
41
Simple
Single layer of cells
42
Where is simple squamous epithelium found?
Line cavities Blood vessels Lungs Kidneys
43
Where is simple cuboidal found
Glands
44
Where is simple columnar epithelium found?
Digestive track
45
What does the goblet cell do?
Manufacture and store mucus for lubrication
46
Where is stratified squamous epithelium found?
Skin Upper GI tract Vagina Rectum
47
Cuboidal cells
Are attached to the basement membrane. As they mature they are pushed to the surface away from nutrients an lose their cytoplasm and nuclei
48
Stratified cuboidal epithelium are found where?
Ducts of glands
49
Stratified columnar epithelium
Are rare.
50
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
All attach to the basement membrane. Found in respiratory tract
51
Transitional epithelium are found where?
Urinary tract
52
Gland
A cell or group of cells thy have ability to manufacture and discharge a secretion
53
Endocrine glands
No ducts. Produce and secrete hormones that dump in bloodstream
54
Exocrine glands
Contain ducts, do not enter into the circulatory system
55
Unicellular exocrine gland: goblet cell
Ductless, secretes mucin, opens in GI tract, respiratory tracts, conjunctiva
56
Multicellular exocrine glands
Secretory unit | Duct
57
Secretory gland
Surrounded by connective tissue that provides nourishment and give structural support
58
Duct
Carries secretion to its deposit site
59
Simple
Main duct is unbranched
60
Compound
Main duct is branched
61
Merocrine
Glands packaged their secretions and release them via exocytosis as they are manufactured. Secretory glands remain intact
62
Apocrine
Glands store their secretions in the apex of the secretory cell after they are manufactured. Pinches off and releases secretions
63
Holocrine
Glands store their secretions until they are needed. Then explodes if needed
64
3 major components of connective tissue
Extra cellular fibers Ground substance Cells
65
Ground substance
Composed of glycoproteins called glycosaminoglyans. Shock absorbing
66
Collagenous
Resist pulling forces
67
Reticular
Thin, delicate, support for around highly cellular organs
68
Elastic
Composed of protein elastin, stretch
69
Fibroblast
Make the matrix of connective tissue blasts or hype cytes are not
70
Adipose cells
Fat!
71
Reticular cells
Net like connections with other cells

Anatomy And Physiology (6 decks)

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