Chapter Two Flashcards
(77 cards)
1
Q
Matter
A
Anything that occupies space and has weight/mass.
2
Q
Matter can exist as what?
A
solid
Liquid
Gas
3
Q
What is an element?
A
The simplest form of matter that cannot be divided into smaller substances by natural means.
4
Q
Oxygen
A
O
5
Q
Carbon
A
C
6
Q
Hydrogen
A
H
7
Q
Nitrogen
A
N
8
Q
What are the major elements?
A
Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
9
Q
What are the minor elements
A
Calcium Phosphorous Potassium Sulfer Sodium Chlorine Magnesium
10
Q
Calcium
A
Ca
11
Q
Phosphorous
A
P
12
Q
Potassium
A
K
13
Q
Sulfer
A
S
14
Q
Sodium
A
Na
15
Q
Chlorine
A
Cl
16
Q
Magnesium
A
Mg
17
Q
Trace elements
A
Iron
Copper
Zinc
Iodine
18
Q
Iron
A
Fe
19
Q
Copper
A
Cu
20
Q
Zinc
A
Zn
21
Q
Iodine
A
I
22
Q
What is a atom?
A
The smallest unit of an element that retains the unique properties of that element.
23
Q
What are the subatomic particles?
A
Protons (+)
Neutrons
Electrons (-)
24
Q
Protons and neutrons are found where?
A
Nucleus
25
Protons and neutrons determine what?
Atomic weight
26
The atomic weight of an atom tells us how many of what?
Protons
27
If an atom loses or gains an electron it becomes what?
Ion
28
If an atom has a different number of neutrons ate called what?
Isotope
29
First shell can contain how many electrons?
Two electrons
30
Second shell can contain how many electrons?
Eight electrons
31
What is a molecule?
Form when two or more atoms are joined together by chemical bonds
32
What is a molecule of the element?
Two or more atoms of the same element are joined together
33
What is a compound?
Two or more atoms from different elements are joined together.
34
What is bonding?
How atoms are attached to one another.
35
What is a covalent bond?
Bonds formed when atoms share electrons.
36
What is a ionic bond?
Formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
37
How do atoms stick together?
Electrostatic attraction
38
What are cations?
Ions with a net positive charge
39
What are anions?
Ions with a negative charge
40
What are the different types of chemical bonds?
Covalent
Ionic
Hydrogen
41
What is a synthesis reaction?
New and more complex molecule is made from multiple, simpler chemicals. More complicated
42
What is a decomposition reaction?
Single complex chemical is broken down into multiple, simpler chemicals. Less complicated
43
What is a exchange reaction?
Certain atoms are exchanged between molecules. Combination of synthesis and decomposition reaction.
44
What are the types of chemical reactions?
Synthesis
Decomposition
Exchange
45
What are the factors that influence reaction rates?
Concentration
Temperature
Activation energy
46
What is a catalyst?
Special proteins that hold reactants together so they can interact.
47
What is a inorganic molecule?
Do not contain hydrocarbon groups and often have ionic bonding.
48
What are organic molecules?
Contain hydrocarbon groups and are usually covalently bonded.
49
What is a hydrophilic?
Chemicals dissolve well or mix with water
50
What is a hydrophobic?
Chemicals do not mix well with waters.
51
What is a electrolyte?
Substances that have ability to transmit an electrical charge.
52
Acids
Substances that when added to water freely release hydrogen ions
53
Bases
Substances that when added to water release a hydroxyl ion
54
Lower numbers on a pH scale are what?
Acidic
55
Higher numbers on a pH scale are what?
Basic
56
What is the pH of neutral?
7
57
What is the pH of blood?
7.4
58
What do buffers do?
Help cells maintain a neutral pH
59
What four groups are in organic molecules?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acid
60
Simple sugars are what?
Monosaccharides
61
Hexose has how many carbon atoms?
6
62
A pentose has how many carbon atoms?
5
63
What is a dehydration synthesis?
Removal of water during a reaction
64
What is a hydrolysis?
Is the breaking down of complex molecules into simpler ones by adding water.
65
What is a glycoprotain?
When a molecule is formed out of a carbohydrate attached to a protein.
66
What are the 4 classes of lipids?
Neutral fats
Phospholipids
Steroids
Eicosinoids
67
What are saturated fatty acids?
All bonds in the hydrocarbon chain are single bonds
68
What are unsaturated fatty bonds?
When there are some double bonds between the carbon and hydrogen atoms
69
What is a lipoprotein?
Marcromolecule composed of proteins and lipids
70
What is a basic ring structure that forms different steroids?
Cholesterol
71
What are the building blocks of protein?
Amino acids
72
What does a amino acid do?
Makes each protein unique and defines the proteins function
73
What is a primary structure?
Sequence and number of amino acids that link together to form the peptide chain
74
What is a secondary structure?
The natural bend of parts of the peptide chain as it is formed in three dimensions
75
What is a tertiary structure?
Overall shape of a single protein molecule
76
What is a quaternary structure?
When two or more tertiary structures join to form a complex macromolecule
77
What are structural proteins for?
For adding strength to tissues or cells
