Chapter 7 Muscles

Question 1

What are the 3 different types of muscle

Answer 1

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

Question 2

Myo

Answer 2

Generally refers to muscle

Question 3

Sarco

Answer 3

Refers to muscles at the cellular level

Question 4

Skeletal muscle

Answer 4

Voluntary

Striated

Question 5

Voluntary

Answer 5

Can be controlled by conscious mind

Question 6

Striated

Answer 6

Stripped pattern in muscle

Question 7

Origin

Answer 7

The end that is generally more stable than the other. Does not move

Question 8

Insertion

Answer 8

Site that undergoes most of the movement during contraction

Question 9

Tendons

Answer 9

Bands of dense regular connective tissue made of collagen fibers

Question 10

Aponeurosis

Answer 10

Broad sheets of fibrous tissue

Question 11

Linea alba

Answer 11

Long thin white line that connects abdominal muscles

Question 12

Agonist (prime mover)

Answer 12

Describes a muscle or muscle group that directly produces a desired movement

Question 13

Synergist

Answer 13

A muscle that contracts at the same time as a prime mover and assists it in carrying out action

Question 14

Antagonist

Answer 14

A muscle or muscle group that directly opposes the action of a prime mover.

Question 15

Fixator

Answer 15

Stabilizes joints to allow other movements to take place

Question 16

Muscles are generally named for what?

Answer 16

Action
Shape
Location
Direction of fibers
Number of heads or divisions 
Attachment sites

Question 17

Head muscles

Answer 17

Control facial expressions, enable chewing, move sensory structures

Masseter

Question 18

Neck muscles

Answer 18

Support head, allow neck to flex, extend, and move head laterally

Question 19

Inspiratory muscles

Answer 19

Diaphragm

External intercostals

Question 20

Expiratory muscles

Answer 20

Internal intercostals

Question 21

Endomysium

Answer 21

Each individual skeletal muscle fiber is surrounded by this delicate connective tissue layer

Question 22

Fascicle

Answer 22

Groups of skeletal muscle fibers

Question 23

Perimysium

Answer 23

Connective tissue that binds together fascicles

Question 24

Epimysium

Answer 24

Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds groups of fascicles

Question 25

Actin

Answer 25

Thin filaments

Question 26

Myosin

Answer 26

Thick filaments

Question 27

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 27

Stored calcium for muscle contraction

Question 28

A band

Answer 28

Large dark band made up of myosin filaments (thick)

Question 29

I band

Answer 29

Large light band made up of actin filaments (thin)

Question 30

Z line

Answer 30

Dark band in center of I band, disk that is viewed as a line and is attachment site for actin filaments.

Question 31

Sarcomere

Answer 31

Area from one z line to the next z line. Basic contracting unit of skeletal muscle. When all sarcomeres contract, leads to overall muscle fiber shortening

Question 32

Atrophy

Answer 32

Shrink down

Question 33

Neuromuscular junctions

Answer 33

Sites where the ends of motor nerve fibers connect to muscle fibers

Question 34

Synaptic vesticles

Answer 34

Sacs at end of a nerve fiber, contain neurotransmitter

Question 35

Acetylcholine

Answer 35

Neurotransmitter chemical that travels across synapse to activate muscle fiber

Question 36

Acetycholinesterase

Answer 36

Enzyme in the synaptic space that removes acetylcholine

Question 37

Sarcolemma

Answer 37

Cell membrane of the muscle fiber

Question 38

Sarcoplasm

Answer 38

Cytoplasm of the muscle fiber

Question 39

Cross bridges

Answer 39

Levers on the myosin filaments, ratchet back and forth and pull the actin filaments on both sides toward center of the myosin filaments

Question 40

Latent phase

Answer 40

Brief pause between nerve stimulus and beginning of actual contraction

Question 41

Contracting phase

Answer 41

Actual contraction is taking place

Question 42

Relaxation phase

Answer 42

When cells go back to a relaxed state

Question 43

ATP

Answer 43

The energy source for actin and myosin to contract

Question 44

Anaerobic metabolism

Answer 44

Produces lactic acid made from oxygen and glucose

Question 45

Cardiac muscle

Answer 45

Involuntary and striated

Question 46

Intercalated discs

Answer 46

Gab junctions

Question 47

SA node

Answer 47

Sinatrial node

Question 48

Sympathetic fibers

Answer 48

Stimulate heart to beat harder and faster as part of fight or flight response (stress)

Question 49

Parasympathetic fibers

Answer 49

Inhibit cardiac function, causing heart to beat more slowly and with less force part of feed or breed response (relaxed)

Question 50

Smooth muscle

Answer 50

Involuntary and unstriated

Question 51

Smooth muscle is found in what two forms?

Answer 51

Visceral | Multiunit

Question 52

Visceral smooth muscle

Answer 52

Large sheets of cells in the walls of some hollow organs

Question 53

Multiunit smooth muscle

Answer 53

Small, discrete groups of cells make delicate movements

Question 54

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 54

Decreases activity

Question 55

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 55

Increases activity