Chapter 4 Vocab Flashcards
(25 cards)
Electromagnetic radiation
A form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space
Electromagnetic spectrum
All the forms of electromagnetic radiation
Wavelength
Distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves
Frequency
The number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time, usually one second
Photoelectric effect
Refers to the emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on the metal
Quantum
The minimum quantity of energy that can be lost or gained by an Atom
Photon
A particle of electromagnetic radiation having zero mass and carrying a quantum of energy
Ground state
The lowest energy state of an atom
Excited state
A state in which an atom has a higher potential energy than it has in its ground state
Line-emission spectrum
When a narrow beam of the emitted light will shine through a prism, it was separated into four specific colors of the visible spectrum
Continuous spectrum
The emission of a continuous range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
States that it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle
Quantum theory
Describes mathematically the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles
Orbital
A three-dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron
Quantum number
Specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties of electrons in orbitals
Principal quantum number
Symbolized by N, indicates the main energy level occupied by the electron
Angular momentum quantum number
Symbolized by L, indicates the shape of the orbital
Magnetic quantum number
Symbolized by m, indicates the orientation of an orbital around the nucleus
Spin quantum number
Has only two possible values (+1/2, -1/2) which indicate the two fundamental spin states of an electron in an orbital
Electron configuration
The arrangement of electrons in an atom
Aufbau principle
An electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it
Pauli exclusion principle
No two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers
Hund’s rule
Orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by second electron, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals must have the same spin state
Noble gas
The group 18 elements (helium, neon, Argon, krypton, xenon, radon)
