Chapter 40 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is osmolarity a measure of?
measure of solutes in. a solution
What are the units of osmolarity?
osmoles per liter
Low osmolarity = lower or higher solute concentration
lower
High osmolarity = lower or higher solute concentration
higher
When does osmotic stress occur?
when concentration of dissolved substances is abnormal
What is osmoregulation?
control of concentrations of water and solutes
What are osmoregulators?
Animals that regulate osmolarity of its tissues
What are osmoconformers?
Animals with tissue osmolarity that is isosmotic to the environment
What is isosmotic?
Same water and solute concentration as another solution
What is hyperosmotic?
Solute outside body is higher than solute inside
What is hypoosmotic?
Solute outside body is lower than solute inside
What are the two types of passive transport?
Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion
What happens in simple diffusion?
Small, uncharged molecules move directly across membrane
What happens in facilitated diffusion?
Large, uncharged molecules move across membrane through channel
What are the two kinds of active transport?
Primary active transport and secondary active transport
What happens in primary active transport?
Energy moves ions against gradient
What happens in secondary active transport?
Membrane proteins use gradient that was created by a pump from active transport
What is another name for secondary active transport?
Cotransport
What is a symporter?
Movement of different solutes in the same direction
What is an antiporter?
Movement of different solutes in opposite directions
What are aquaporins?
Membrane channels for water
How is ammonia produced?
Breakdown of amino acids and nucleic acids
What is nitrogenous waste?
Ammonia and other compounds secreted by animals to rid their bodies of excess nitrogen
Nitrogenous waste in freshwater fish…
Ammonia is diluted to a low concentration, excreted in urine
