Chapter 41 EAQs

Question 1

Venturi and nonbreathing mask:

Answer 1

-applied over patients mouth and nose=tight seal

Question 2

face tent:

Answer 2

-wide and applied under patients chin and over mouth and nose

Question 3

hypoxia & clinical findings:

Answer 3

-inadequate tissue oxygenation at cellular level
-tachycardia,cyanosis,tachypnea, restlessness, dizziness

Question 4

hypoxemia:

Answer 4

-decreased amount of arterial oxygen

Question 5

hypovolemia clinical findings:

Answer 5

-loss of extracellular fluid and reduced circulating blood volume
-decreased Bp, shock/dehydration

Question 6

hyperventilation:

Answer 6

lungs remove CO2 faster than it is produced by cellular metabolism

Question 7

hyperventilation is caused by:

Answer 7

-anxiety, salicylate poisoning, acid-base imbalance, infection

Question 8

orthopnea:

Answer 8

-abnormal condition in which a patient struggles to breath when lying flat
-patient uses multiple pillows when reclining to breathe easier or sits leaning with arms elevated

Question 9

late sign of hypoxia=

Answer 9

cyanosis; blue discoloration of skin and mucous membranes caused by decreased tissue oxygenation

Question 10

ABGs:

Answer 10

-arterial blood gases
-provide info. regarding patients oxygenation status, including levels of O2, CO2, and bicarbonate

Question 11

CMP:

Answer 11

-comprehensive metabolic panel
-shows electrolyte, glucose, nutrition, and renal function

Question 12

apnea:

Answer 12

-condition in which there is an absence of respirations lasting 15 seconds or more

Question 13

a patient will need airway suctioning if they have:

Answer 13

-an decreased independent ability to cough (because they cannot cough up sputum)

Question 14

pulse oximetry:

Answer 14

-test that provides instant feedback about patients oxygenation level

Question 15

capnography:

Answer 15

-test that provides instant info. about a patients ventilation and perfusion

Question 16

bronchoscopy:

Answer 16

-visual examination of tracheobronchial tree

Question 17

toracentesis:

Answer 17

-procedure done on chest wall and plural space to drain fluid

Question 18

semi-fowler position:

Answer 18

-45 degree position that is most effective to promote lung expansion and reduce pressure from abdomen and diaphragm

Question 19

To improve oxygenation level of a patient you should ?? the patient before administering oxygen

Answer 19

-reposition

Question 20

Which condition is the consequence of using oral airway that is too large?

Answer 20

-airway obstruction

Question 21

complications avoided by noninvasive ventilation:

Answer 21

-ventilator associated pneumonia
-sinusitis
-effects of large dose sedative agents

Question 22

nononinvasive ventilation:

Answer 22

-mask fits tightly and have good seal to prevent air from leaking
-causes feelings of claustrophobia

Question 23

invasive mechanical ventilation:

Answer 23

-fully or partially replaces spontaneous breathing

Question 24

diseases that lead to peripheral hypoxia:

Answer 24

-hypovelemia
-atril fibrillation

Question 25

angia pectoris impacts:

Answer 25

-cardiac oxygenation

Question 26

how does cystic fibrosis affect oxygenation?

Answer 26

-thickened pulmonary secretions

Question 27

hyperlipidemia and clinical findings:

Answer 27

-due to xanthelasma (yellow lipid lesions on eyelids) -elevated fat/triglycerides in blood

Question 28

right sided cardiac failure clinical manifestations:

Answer 28

--distention of veins of neck and peripheral edema -weight gain -possible enlargement of liver & spleen

Question 29

left sided heart failure:

Answer 29

-dyspnea -fatigue -dizziness -fluid in lungs

Question 30

diaphragmatic breathing:

Answer 30

-increases tidal volume, decreases RR -1st done in supine position then switch to standing -use pursed lip breathing technique -one hand on breastbone and the other on abdomen -inhale slowly, making abdomen pushing out

Question 31

anemia:

Answer 31

-decreased oxygen carrying capacity -increased HR, pallor, fatigue, and increased breathlessness, low hemoglobin, weakness

Question 32

atelectasis:

Answer 32

-pulmonary condition that leads to collapsed alveoli -prevents normal exchange of O2 and CO2

Question 33

acute pulmonary embolism:

Answer 33

-impairs efficient transfer of O2 and CO2 across the lung

Question 34

kyphosis:

Answer 34

-structural abnormality that alters the ability of lungs to distend

Question 35

What is the major muscle of inspiration?

Answer 35

-diaphragm

Question 36

What vertebrae does the phrenic nerve exit out of?

Answer 36

-4th

Question 37

T OR F: normal breathing is quiet and accomplished with minimal effort

Answer 37

true

Question 38

which environment factor would the nurse assess when evaluating a patients respiratory status?

Answer 38

-occupation

Question 39

carbon monoxide toxicity:

Answer 39

-causes decreased oxygen carrying capacity of blood because CO forms a strong bond with hemoglobin, creating functional anemia

Question 40

hyperventilation causes= hypoventilation causes=

Answer 40

-respiratory alkalosis -respiratory acidosis

Question 41

which reason would the nurse cite for increased risk of respiratory tract infections in school age children?

Answer 41

-secondhand smoke exposure

Question 42

lifestyle practices to promote heart health:

Answer 42

-eat food rich in fiber -muscle strength training -aerobic exercies -exercise 150min per week

Question 43

which info. would the nurse include in a teaching session about substance abuse?

Answer 43

-nail polish remover is used for huffing (inhalant abuse)

Question 44

which condition causes hypoventilation in a patient who has history of COPD?

Answer 44

-administration of oxygen

Question 45

airborne allergens:

Answer 45

-pets -pollen -mold

Question 46

how do you position patients with pulmonary abscess?

Answer 46

-affected lung should be positioned down to prevent the flow of secretions to healthy lung -45 degree semi fowler position

Question 47

kussmaul respiration:

Answer 47

-RR greater than 35br/min; increased rate of in depth breathing -acidic Ph stimulates increases in RR due to metabolic acidosis

Question 48

cheyne-stokes respiration:

Answer 48

-abnormal respiratory pattern that occurs when there is decreased blood flow or injury to brainstem -period of apnea following a deep breathing and then shallow breathing

Question 49

Cervical trauma to C4=

Answer 49

paralysis of phrenic nerve

Question 50

what underlying physiological process is occurring in a patient who has severe dehydration and reports dizziness?

Answer 50

-reduced circulating blood volume

Question 51

When caring for tracheostomy, what should never be removed unless HCP says so?

Answer 51

-outer cannula

Question 52

Peripheral cyanosis is seen in which body surface?

Answer 52

-earlobe -nail beds

Question 53

central cyanosis is observed in which body structures?

Answer 53

-tongue -conjunctiva of eye -soft palate

Question 54

typical pain of myocardial infarction:

Answer 54

-pain lasts more than 20 minutes -crushing or squeezing chest pain -pain at rest or exertion

Question 55

clinical findings of hypoventilation:

Answer 55

-respiratory acidosis -dysrhythmias -changes in mental status

Question 56

diet recommendations for hypertensive and high cholesterol patient:

Answer 56

-restrict intake of salt -include chicken -increase omega 3 fatty acids

Question 57

Huff cough technique

Answer 57

-natural cough reflex -used to help more secretions to the larger airways

Question 58

T OR F: administrating supplemental oxygen can help if secretions are blocking airway

Answer 58

-true

Question 59

conditions that would cause a patient to experience hypoxia as result of increased metabolic rates:

Answer 59

-fever -3rd trimester of pregnancy

Question 60

atrial fibrillation:

Answer 60

-abnormal cardiac rhythm that alters cardiac output

Question 61

how can someone improve atrial fibrillation?

Answer 61

-eliminate caffeine -assess lung sounds(b/c cardiac output affects oxygenation) -monitor heart rhythm

Question 62

what drugs help with fevers?

Answer 62

-antipyretic

Question 63

cardiopulmonary diagnostic test for chest pain (heartattack)

Answer 63

-serum cholesterol(block arteries=heart attack) -electrocardiogram (assess electrical heart activity) -serum cardiac enzymes

Question 64

hypercarbic respiratory failure=

Answer 64

high CO2 level

Question 65

normal CO2 level in body=

Answer 65

35-45mmhg

Question 66

Pneumococal vaccine (pV13) should be given to:

Answer 66

-children younger than 2 -any adult who smokes -adults over 65

Question 67

factors that affect oxygen carrying capacity of the blood:

Answer 67

-anemia -toxin inhalation -blood loss

Question 68

polycythemia= increase in

Answer 68

-RBCs

Question 69

the nurse suspects which diagnosis for a patient with decreased oxygen saturation and polycythemia?

Answer 69

-chronic hypoxemia

Question 70

which condition causes hypoxia because of decreased movement of chest wall?

Answer 70

-gullain barre syndrome

Question 71

If patients oxygen saturation is low they will have a low..

Answer 71

-HR

Question 72

What kind of patient should not undergo chest vibration therapy because they have an increased risk for rib fractures?

Answer 72

-patients who do steroids

Question 73

simple face mask can cause ??? and to fix this you should switch to..

Answer 73

-CO2 retention -nasal cannula as oxygen supply

Question 74

impaired airway clearance:

Answer 74

-yellowish green sputum -orthopnea -dry mucous membranes -rhonchi

Question 75

paradoxical breathing

Answer 75

-asynchronous breathing

Question 76

position to drain apical segments of lungs:

Answer 76

sitting on edge of bed