Chapter 43 Oxygen Levels

Question 1

Factors affecting o2 needs

Question 2

oxygen

Answer 2

Is a gas

Question 3

Brain damage and serious illness can occur without enough oxygen, and death can occur with in minutes if breathing stops

Question 4

The respiratory and circulatory systems must function properly for cells to get enough oxygen, altered functions of any system affects oxygen needs as well

Question 5

Oxygen needs are affected by:

Answer 5

Respiratory system functions: an open airway is needed
Circulatory system functions: blood must flow to and from the heart
Red blood cell count: RBCs contain hemoglobin
Nervous system functions: diseases and injuries can affect respiratory muscles, making breathing difficult

Question 6

Factors affecting oxygen needs

Answer 6

Aging: respiratory muscles weaken
Exercise: o2 needs increase
Fever: o2 needs and respiratory rate and depth increase
Pain: : respirations increase to meet increased needs for o2
Drugs: some depress the respiratory center in the brain
Smoking: causes lung cancer and COPD
Allergies: sever swelling can close the airway
Pollutants: damages the lungs
Nutrition: iron and vitamins are needed to produce RBCs
Alcohol: in excess reduces cough reflex, which increases risk of aspiration

Question 7

Respiratory functions involves three processes

Answer 7

Air moves into and out of the lungs
O2 and co2 are exchanged at the alveoli
The blood carriers o2 to the cells and removes co2 from them

Question 8

Hypoxia

Answer 8

Means that cells do not have enough oxygen

Question 9

Normal respiratory function

Answer 9

Normal adult respirations are 12 to 20 per minute
Infants and children have a faster rate
Normal respiration are quiet, effortless, and regular

Question 10

Breathing patterns are abnormal

Answer 10

Tachypnea-rapid breathing
Bradypnea- slow breathing
Apnea- lack or absence of breathing
Hypoventilation- respirations are slow, shallow, and sometimes irregular
Hyperventilation- respirations are rapid and deeper than normal

Question 11

Tachypnea

Answer 11

Rapid breathing

Question 12

Bradypnea

Answer 12

Slow breathing

Question 13

Apnea

Answer 13

Lack or absence of breathing

Question 14

Hypoventilation

Answer 14

Respirations are slow, shallow, and sometimes irregular

Question 15

Hypoventilation

Answer 15

Respirations are rapid and deeper than normal

Question 16

Dyspnea

Answer 16

Difficult, labored, or painful breathing

Question 17

Cheyenne-stokes respirations

Answer 17

Respirations gradually increase in rate and depth, and then they become shallow and slow

Question 18

Orthopnea

Answer 18

Breathing deeply and comfortable only when sitting

Question 19

Biots respirations

Answer 19

Rapids and deep respirations followed by 10 to 30 seconds of apnea

Question 20

Kussmaul respirations

Answer 20

Very deep and rapid respirations

Question 21

Pulse oximetry

Answer 21

Measures the oxygen concentration in arterial blood

Question 22

Normal range

Answer 22

Is 90% to 100%

Question 23

Sensors

Answer 23

Are attached to a finger, toe, earlobe, nose, or forehead
( a good sensor site is needed )

Question 24

Oxygen concentration

Answer 24

Is often measured with vital signs, reports and record according to the agency policy

Question 25

Terms may use one of these

Answer 25

Pulse oximetry or pulse OX O2 saturation or O2 SAT

Question 26

Respiratory disorders causes

Answer 26

The lungs, bronchi, and trachea to secrete mucus

Question 27

Mucus is called

Answer 27

Sputum when expelled through the mouth

Question 28

Pulse procedures

Answer 28

Chest x-ray Lung scan Bronchoscopy Pulmonary function tests Arterial blood gases

Question 29

Meeting oxygen needs

Question 30

To get enough oxygen, air must move deep into the lungs

Answer 30

Air must reach the alveoli where O2 and CO2 exchange

Question 31

Deep breathing and coughing

Answer 31

Deep breathing moves air into parts of the lungs Coughing removes mucus Exercises promote oxygenation

Question 32

Incentive spirometry

Answer 32

Also called sustained maximal inspiration(SMI) Means inhaling as deeply as possible and holding the breath for at least 3 seconds

Question 33

Oxygen is a treated

Answer 33

As a drug

Question 34

You DO NOT

Answer 34

Give oxygen You help provide safecare

Question 35

Oxygen sources

Question 36

Wall outlet

Answer 36

O2 is piped into each persons unit

Question 37

Oxygen tank

Answer 37

The oxygen tank is placed at the bedside

Question 38

Oxygen concentrator

Answer 38

The machine removes oxygen from the air

Question 39

Liquid oxygen system

Answer 39

A portable unit is filled from a stationary unit The portable unit can be worn over the shoulder

Question 40

Oxygen devices

Answer 40

The doctor orders the device for giving O2

Question 41

Nasal cannula

Answer 41

a device that gives you additional oxygen (supplemental oxygen or oxygen therapy) through your nose.

Question 42

Simple face mask

Answer 42

is placed on the patient's face with an elastic strap to secure it.

Question 43

Partial-rebreather mask

Answer 43

They look very similar to non-rebreather masks, but they use two-way instead of one-way valves.

Question 44

Non-rebreather mask

Answer 44

an oxygen mask that delivers high concentrations of oxygen.

Question 45

Venturi mask

Answer 45

a clear plastic mask, similar to the simple adult face mask detailed in the prior section, and a plastic venturi device. a patient with COPD who has a low to moderate oxygen requirement but is at risk for hypercarbia with uncontrolled oxygen therapy.

Question 46

oxygen is given by cannula during meals

Question 47

Flow rates

Answer 47

Is measured in liters per minutes