Chapter 46 Hearing, Speech, and Vision Problems

Question 1

hearing, speech, and vision

Answer 1

-allow communication, learning, and moving about
-are important for self-care, work, and most most activities
-are important for safety and security needs

Question 2

many people have some degree of hearing or vision loss

Question 3

common causes are:

Answer 3

-birth defects
-accidents
-infections
-diseases
-aging

Question 4

ear disorders

Question 5

Otitis media

Answer 5

is infection of the middle ear

Question 6

chronic otitis media

Answer 6

can damage the tympanic membrane-eardrum- or the ossicles

needed for hearing and prenant hering loss can occur

Question 7

signs and symptoms include

Answer 7

pain-earache- and healing loss
fever and tinnitus- ringing, roaring

Question 8

treatment involves:

Answer 8

-antibiotics
-drugs for pain relief
-drugs to relieve congestion

Question 9

ménière’s disease

Answer 9

involves the inner ear

Question 10

ménière’s disease:

Answer 10

-it’s a common cause of hearing loss
-usually one ear is affected

Question 11

symptoms include:

Answer 11

-vertigo (dizziness)
-tinnitus
-hearing loss
-pain or pressure in the affected ear

Question 12

treatment involves:

Answer 12

drugs
fluid restriction
no alcohol or caffeine

Question 13

safety is needed during vertigo

Answer 13

the person must lie down
falls are prevented
the persons head is kept still
sudden movements are avoided
bright or glaring light are avoided
the person should not walk alone

Question 14

hearing loss

Answer 14

is not being able to hear the normal range of sounds associated with normal hearing

Question 15

losses are mild to severe

Question 16

deafness

Answer 16

is hearing loss in which it is impossible for the person to understand speech through hearing alone

Question 17

hearing loss occurs in all age-groups

Question 18

common causes of hearing loss are damage to the:

Answer 18

outer, middle, or inner ear
acoustic nerve (cranial nerve 8, vestibulocochlear)

Question 19

risk factors

Answer 19

-aging
-exposure to very loud sounds and noises
- drugs
-infections
-reduce blood flow to the ear caused by high blood pressure, heat and vascular diseases, and diabetes
-stroke
-head injuries
-tumors
-heredity
-birth defects
-temporary hearing loss can occur from earwax (cerumen)

Question 20

hearing is required for:

Answer 20

clear speech
responding to others
safety and awareness of surroundings

Question 21

hearing is needed for speech

Question 22

person with hearing loss may:

Answer 22

-wearing hearing aids or lip-read (speech-read)
-watch facial expressions, gestures, and body language
-learn American sign language

Question 23

hearing aids

Answer 23

fit inside or behind the ear

Question 24

if hearing aids does not seems or work properly, try these measures

Answer 24

-check if the hearing aid is on
-check the battery position
-insert a new battery if needed
-clean the hearing aid

Question 25

speech disorders

Question 26

speech disorders

Answer 26

results in impaired or ineffective oral communication

Question 27

common causes :

Answer 27

-hearing loss
-developmental disabilities
-brain injury

Question 28

these problems are common:

Answer 28

-aphasia
-apraxia
-dysarthria

Question 29

apraxia

Answer 29

of speech cannot use the speech muscles for understandable speech

Question 30

the person with it

Answer 30

the person understand speech and knows what to say but the brain cannot coordinate the speech muscles to make the words
-the motor speech area in the brain is damaged

Question 31

dysarthria

Answer 31

difficult or poor speech

Question 32

the person with it

Answer 32

it is caused by nervous system damage
mouth and face muscles are affected
slurred speech, speaking slowly or softly, hoarseness, and drooling can occur

Question 33

some persons need speech rehabilitation

Question 34

The goal:

Answer 34

the goal is to improve the ability to communicate

Question 35

A speech-language pathologist and other health team members help the person

Answer 35

-improve affected language skills
-use remaining abilities
-restore language abilities to the extent possible
-learn other methods of communicating
-strengthening the muscles of speech

Question 36

the amount of improvement possible depends on many factors

Answer 36

-causes, amount, and area of the brain damage
-age and health
-willingness and ability to learn

Question 37

aphasia

Answer 37

is the total or partial loss of the ability to use or understand language

Question 38

common causes:

Answer 38

-stroke
-head injury
-brain infections
-cancer

Question 39

expressive aphasia
motor aphasia-brocade aphasia

Answer 39

relates to difficulty expressing or sending out thoughts