Chapter 45: Nutrition Flashcards
(186 cards)
Nutrition is important for
normal growth and development tissue maintenance and repair cellular metabolism organ function body movement
Food can hold
symbolic meaning
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services established nutritional goals and objectives for Healthy People 2020
Weight and growth Food and nutrient consumption Iron deficiency and anemia Schools, work sites, and nutrition counseling Food security
The basal metabolic rate
The energy needed to maintain life-sustaining activities (breathing, circulation, HR, temperature) for a specific period of time at rest.
The resting energy requirements (REE)
The amount of energy that an individual needs to consume over a 24 hour period for the body to maintain all of its vital functions at rest
Kilocalories
when food intake equals energy requirements
no change in weight
Nutrients
Elements necessary for normal function of body processes: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water, vitamins and minerals
Nutrient density
…
Carbohydrates is composed of
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Each gram of carbohydrates produce how many kcals?
each gram produces 4 kcal/g
Carbohydrates
serves as a main source of fuel (glucose)
Carbohydrate classification
based on the number of carbohydrate units = saccharides.
Simple Carbohydrates
Primarily in sugars
monosaccharides and disaccharides.
Monosaccharides
do not break down into smaller carbohydrate units includes glucose (dextrose) and fructose
Disaccharides
composed of two monosaccharides and water
includes sucrose, maltose and lactose
Complex Carbohydrates include
polysaccharides
Polysaccharides
insoluble in water
soluble in water
Protein function
- provide source of energy (4 kcals/g)
- assist in transport of nutrients and certain medications
- ingestion of proteins maintains nitrogen balance
Proteins are essential for
growth, maintenance, and repair of the body tissue
Proteins are the building blocks for the synthesis of
DNA and RNA Collagen Hormones Enzymes Immune cells
Amino acids
the simplest form of protein
Amino acids consist of
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon and Nitrogen
Indispensable amino acids
Not synthesized by the body
Needs to be provided via diet
Dispensable amino acids
synthesized by the body