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Abrams clinical drug therapy > CHAPTER 46-48 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 46-48 Flashcards

1
Q

Brain and spinal cord are what nervous system?

A

Central nervous system (CNS)

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2
Q

Neurons outside the brain, spinal nerves, and peripheral nerves are what nervous system?

A

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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3
Q

Nervous that makes muscles work

A

Somatic nerves

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4
Q

Nerves leaving the peripheral nervous system are (Efferent or Afferent) these would be leaving the____ or ____

A

Efferent

Spinal cord or ganglia

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5
Q

What system keeps you breathing

A

Autonomic system

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6
Q

Sympathetic system is adrenergic it is flight or fight

A

Adrenergic

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7
Q

Parasympathetic is___

It’s transmitter is____

A

Cholinergic

Acetylcholine

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8
Q

What keeps people small, so that a person can see close-up

A

Parasympathetic

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9
Q

Fight or flight is controlled by

A

Sympathetic

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10
Q

Parasympathetic is___

Can either be____

A

Vegetative, bowel and bladder.

Stimulated or blocked

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11
Q

What blocks or stops The parasympathetic

A

Anticholerginc

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12
Q

What are specific for certain drugs or circulating hormones, catecholamines, or enzymes

A

Receptors

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13
Q

What chemical substance carries messages from one neuron to another

A

NeuroTransmitters

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14
Q

Neurotransmitters ____& stored in____terminals And are released in response to______

A

Synthesize.

Presynaptic nerve. Electric impulses

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15
Q

Neurotransmitters bind to____in ____.

They will_____or____ ____

A

Receptors.
Cell membrane.
Excite or inhibit.
Postsynaptic neurons

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16
Q

Microscopic gap that separates neurons in a chain; location where where transmitters released and removal occurs. Or set the signal. This occurs by? Which is the most?

A

Synapsis.
Electric or chemical.
Chemical communicate with other neurons or target cells

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17
Q

Receptors are ____ located where____
They are affected by changes in ____
These are constantly being_____

A

Proteins. Cell membrane.
Synaptic activity.
Synthesized or degraded

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18
Q

PNS functions are described as___(3)
This also includes (4)
75% of of PNS nerve fibers are located in the

A

Resting, repaired, or vegetative
Digestion, excretion, cardiac deceleration, near vision
Vagus nerve

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19
Q

What drugs stimulate the parasympathetic__

What two diseases are these used for? What are unpleasant effects from these drugs?

A

Cholergenic
Myasthenia gravis & Alzheimer’s disease
Go to the bathroom a lot and G.I. movement a lot.

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20
Q

Acetylcholine is released from___

In the brain, its role is (3)

A

Brain.

Cognitive function, memory storage, and retrieval

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21
Q

Acetylcholine’s role in the gut promotes

Urinary

A

Secretory motor activity-increased secretions more diarrhea

Muscle contraction or relaxation to facilitate urination.

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22
Q

Chlorogenic drugs contradictions because they will (increase or decrease )contractility of (smooth muscle or skeletal) muscle they are contradicted in what (4)

A

Increase smooth muscle
Urinary board G.I. tract obstruction. Asthma. Inflammatory disease. Inflammatory abdominal conditions, recent bowel surgery

23
Q

If a person has coronary artery disease and taking a Cholinergenic drug what would happen

A

Muscles in the arteries and heart would tighten making the heartbeat harder with higher blood pressure

24
Q

If a person is taking a: energetic drug and they had G.I. tract or urinary obstruction what could happen?

25
Why would a person with a asthma or peptic ulcer disease not be given a cholinergic drug
Bronchioles are smooth muscle-they would be tightened making it harder to breathe. Cholinergic drug causes mor secretions thus more acid
26
What 3 things did she mention that cholinergic drugs should not be used for that she did not give examples for
Inflammatory abdominal conditions, recent bowel surgery, hyperthyroidism
27
Why would a woman that is pregnant not be given a cholinergic drugs?
The uterine is smooth muscle | it would cause contractions and cause a miscarriage
28
What drug is given for Myasthenia gravis? What is given for excess dosing and produces a____ What is given for maximum benefit? What will reduce the risk of gastric distress, alterations?
Neostigmine (Prostigmin) Atropine Titration Taken with food/milk
29
neostigmine (Prostigmin) is used in ___ . The disease causes____
Myasthenia gravis. Auto immune disease | Decreased number of receptors
30
The drug for myasthenia gravis Will cause
More acetylcholine to reach the receptors that are locked
31
____Works like neostigmine. It is more or last common Longer or shorter acting Why are these drugs important?
Pyridostigmine (Mestinon) More Longer Causes acetylcholine To stay inthe synapse longer and attach to the few receptors that are left
32
Myasthenia gravis causes a ____number of receptors
Decreased
33
What drug is used for Alzheimer's disease. The goal is to. When should this be taken And how
donepizil (Aricept) Slow down memory and cognition loss. Delay onset. ON TIME With a meal
34
Name of the drugs for Alzheimer's and myasthenia gravis? Where do they work at? T or F, only in the parasympathetic
ALZ- donepezil (Aricept) and MG- neostigmine (Prostigmin) n the synapse inhibiting acetylcholinesterase False, Both receptors in the sympathetic and parasympathetic
35
Levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) Drug is for what disease? What two other drugs are with this
Parkinson's disease. Anticholinegic Dopaminergic
36
Parkinson's disease is the result of ___ ___ in the ___ ___ In the brain. What causes imbalance?
Imbalanced Neurotransmitters Basal ganglia Decreased dopamine and increased acetylcholine
37
What are the initial symptoms of Parkinson's disease And called
Resting tremors begins in finger and thumb pill rolling
38
Common symptoms of Parkinson's disease
Bradykinesia, inability to move, rigid lambs, shuffling gait, stooped posture, mask like facial expression, and soft speaking voice
39
Less common symptoms
Depression, personality changes, loss of appetite, sleep disturbances, speech impairment, sexual difficulty
40
Why would a person with Parkinson's drool and have stomach problems? T or F It is not Parkinson's disease that causes rigidity to make their muscles freeze
Parasympathetic nervous system is working too much. | False, Causes rigidity, freezes muscles
41
What type of drug is used for Parkinson's disease? | How does it work?
Anticholinergic | Correct neurotransmitter imbalence
42
_____ drug helps Parkinson's disease By increasing levels of___ with___ Inhibiting actions of___with____
Levodopa/carbidopa Dopamine. Dopaminergic Acetylcholine. Anti cholinergics
43
The drug for Parkinson's she called
Gold standard.
44
Ldopa Increases or decreases the ability of ____because it increases or decreases the precursor from which it is synthesized
Increase Dopamine Increases dopamine
45
____is put in with L-dopa because it prevents L-dopa from being ___ by the ___and the ___takes the rest. This is part of the absorption and then___
``` Carbidopa Inactivated Stomach Live Distribution ```
46
Dopaminergic Indications for use (21/2) | Dopaminergic's are on which receptors
Idiopathic Parkinson's Secondary Parkinson's Aka extrapyramidal reaction Post synaptic dopamine receptors
47
Dopaminergic contraindications to use | First 3 lines
Sensitivity to meds Narrow angle glaucoma, depression May activate malignant melanoma
48
Dopaminergic's contradictions last 3 lines
Hypersensitivity crisis, peptic ulcer disease. Severe cardiovascular, Pulmonary, Renal, hepatic, or endocrine disorders
49
Will levodopa always have the same effect
No, eventually it doesn't work as well
50
Aticholinergics are ____active (penetrate_____) are ____useful in Parkinsonism
Centrally Blood-brain barrier ONLY
51
Anticholinergics Mechanism of action. Indications for use
-Decrease effects of acetylcholine. -Idiopathic parkinsonism. Decreases salivation, specificity, and tremors
52
Anticholinergics are used in people with ___ symptoms Relieve symptoms of _____ Good effect or no effect for bradyknesia
Minimal Extrapyramidal reactions No effect
53
Anticholinergics are for people ____ of ldopa | Used in___ therapy
Intolerant | Combination

Abrams clinical drug therapy (6 decks)

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