Chapter 47-48

Question 1

Bowel Training (habit training)

Answer 1

the training program involves setting up a daily routine. By attempting to defecate at the same time each day and using measures that promote defecation, a patient may establish a normal defecation pattern

Question 2

Cathartics

Answer 2

Drugs that act to promote bowel evacuation

Question 3

Chyme

Answer 3

storage of swallowed food and liquid; mixing of food in the stomach with digestive juices into a substance

Question 4

Clostridium difficile (C-difficile)

Answer 4

a common causative agent of diarrhea, which produces symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to severe colitis. Patient acquired C-difficile infection in two ways: by over use of antibiotic and patient exposed to the organism from a health care worker’s hands or direct contact with contaminated surface.

Question 5

Colonoscopy

Answer 5

after 3 positive fecal occult blood test, the patient will have colonoscopy. Colonoscopy is a test that allows your doctor to look at the inner lining of your large intestine (rectum and colon). He or she uses a thin, flexible tube called a colonoscope to look at the colon. A colonoscopy helps find ulcers, colon polyps, tumors, and areas of inflammation or bleeding.

Question 6

Colostomy

Answer 6

is a temporary or permanent opening is created surgically by bringing part of the intestine out through the abdominal wall.

Question 7

Peristalsis

Answer 7

rhythmical contractions of the intestine that propel gastric contents through the length of the gastrointestinal track

Question 8

Diarrhea

Answer 8

increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces.

Question 9

Effluent

Answer 9

when the ileal pouch is created, the patient has a temporary ileostomy to divert the fecal stream or EFFLUENT and allow the suture lines in the pouch to heal.

Question 10

Endoscopy

Answer 10

examination such as a gastroscopy or colonoscopy use a lighted fiberoptic tube to gain direct visualization of the upper gastrointestinal tract (upper endoscopy).
Endoscopy is a nonsurgical procedure used to examine a person’s digestive tract. Using an endoscope, a flexible tube with a light and camera attached to it, your doctor can view pictures of your digestive tract on a color TV monitor.

Question 11

Blanchable hyperemia

Answer 11

redness of the skin caused by dilation of the superficial capillaries. When pressure is applied to the skin, the area blanches, or turns a lighter color.

Question 12

Debridement

Answer 12

removal of dead tissue from a wound

Question 13

Flatulence

Answer 13

is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus or gas)

Question 14

Drainage evacuators

Answer 14

convenient portable units that connect to tubular drains lying within a wound bed and exert a safe, constant, low-pressure vacuum to remove and collect drainage.

Question 15

ileostomy

Answer 15

is a temporary or permanent opening is created surgically by bringing part of the intestine out through the abdominal wall.

Question 16

ileus

Answer 16

any surgery that involves direct manipulation of the bowel temporarily stops peristalsis. This condition, call ileus, usually lasts about 24 to 48 hours.

Question 17

Impaction

Answer 17

fecal impaction results when a patient has unrelieved constipation and is unable to expel the hardened feces retained in the rectum.

Question 18

Incontinence

Answer 18

fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Urine incontinence is the inability to control passage of urine from the urethra

Question 19

Friction

Answer 19

effects of rubbing or the resistance that a moving body meets from the surface on which it moves; a force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement.

Question 20

Granulation tissue

Answer 20

soft, pink, fleshy projections of tissue that form during the healing process in a wound not healing by primary intention.

Question 21

Polyps

Answer 21

A colon polyp is a small clump of cells that forms on the lining of the colon. Most colon polyps are harmless. But over time, some colon polyps can develop into colon cancer, which is often fatal when found in its later stages. Find during colonoscopy.

Question 22

Hemostasis

Answer 22

termination of bleeding by mechanical or chemical means or the coagulation process of the body.

Question 23

Wound, Ostomy and continence nurse (WOCN)

Answer 23

is a nurse specially educated to care ostomy patient.

Question 24

Laceration

Answer 24

torn, jagged wound

Question 25

Pressure ulcer

Answer 25

inflammation, sore, or ulcer in the skin over a bony prominence.

Question 26

Blanching

Answer 26

occurs when the normal red tones of the light-skinned patient are absent.

Question 27

Secondary intention

Answer 27

wound closure in which the edges are separated; granulation tissue develops to fill the gap; and, finally, epithelium grows in over the granulation, producing a larger scar than results with primary intention.

Question 28

Collagen

Answer 28

a tough, fibrous protein that found in the dermal layer.

Question 29

Epithelialization

Answer 29

the main activities during proliferative phase are the filling of a wound with granulation tissue, wound contraction, and wound resurfacing by epithelialization.

Question 30

Fibrin

Answer 30

clots form a fibrin matrix that later provides a framework for cellular repair.

Question 31

Hemorrhage

Answer 31

or bleeding from a wound site, is normal during and immediately after initial trauma.

Question 32

Negative pressure wound therapy

Answer 32

is a therapeutic technique using a vacuum dressing to promote healing in acute or chronic wounds and enhance healing of second and third degree burns. The therapy involves the controlled application of sub-atmospheric pressure to the local wound environment, using a sealed wound dressing connected to a vacuum pump.

Question 33

Nonblanchable erythema

Answer 33

the erythematous area does not blanch when you apply pressure, deep tissue damage is probable.

Question 34

Puncture

Answer 34

puncture wounds bleed in relation to the depth, size, and location of the wound (a nail puncture dose not cause as much bleeding as a knife wound). the primary dangers of puncture wounds are internal bleeding and infection.

Question 35

Purulent

Answer 35

yellow, green, or brown color drainage, depending on the causative organism.

Question 36

Reactive hyperemia

Answer 36

signs of tissue ischemia in light-toned skin patient, blanching.

Question 37

Sanguineous

Answer 37

bright red; indicates active bleeding.

Question 38

Serosanguineous

Answer 38

pale, pink, watery; mixture of clear and red fluid

Question 39

Serous

Answer 39

clear, watery plasma

Question 40

Shearing force

Answer 40

Force acting on a substance in a direction perpendicular to the extension of the substance, as for example the pressure of air along the front of an airplane wing. Shear forces often result in shear strain.

Question 41

Slough

Answer 41

soft yellow or white tissue is characteristic of slough (stringy substance attached to wound bed), and it must be removed by a skilled clinician or with the use of an appropriate wound dressing before the wound is able to heal.

Question 42

Sutures

Answer 42

are threads or medal used to sew body tissues together.

Question 43

Vacuum-assisted closure (V.A.C)

Answer 43

is a device that helps in wound closure by applying localized negative pressure to draw the edges of a wound together.

Question 44

Wound

Answer 44

is a disruption of the integrity and function of tissues in the body.

Question 45

Wound

Answer 45

is a disruption of the integrity and function of tissues in the body