Chapter 47: Digestive System

Question 1

What is feeding?

Answer 1

eating food

Question 2

What is ingestion?

Answer 2

feeding method used to take food into the digestive cavity

Question 3

What is digestion?

Answer 3

breaking down food into chemical subunits for abosorption

Question 4

What is absorption?

Answer 4

food being brought into cells of the organism via subunits

Question 5

What is a calorie?

Answer 5

amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of pure water by 1 degree C

Question 6

kcal per gram of carbohydrates?

Answer 6

4.2

Question 7

kcal per gram of fats?

Answer 7

9.5

Question 8

kcal per gram of proteins?

Answer 8

4.1

Question 9

Some examples of malnutition?

Answer 9

undernutrition and overnutrition

Question 10

What order do mammals use for energy storage?

Answer 10

1) stored fats and glycogen

2) proteins

Question 11

What are essential nutrients?

Answer 11

certain molecules that need to be obtained in the diet bc they cannot by synthesized

Question 12

What are the 9 essential amino acids?

Answer 12

phenylalanine, valine, threonine, tryptophan, isoleucine, methionine, leucine, lysine, and histidine

Question 13

Where can you get the 9 essential amino acids and what are the results of a deficiency?

Answer 13

can get from meat, eggs, fish, cheese, and milk

deficiency can lead to ineffective protein synthesis

Question 14

How many known human required vitamins are there?

Answer 14

13

Question 15

Which are the 4 fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 15

A, D, E, K

Question 16

What are the 3 trace minerals?

Answer 16

I, Fe, Zn

Question 17

What are the 2 essential fatty acids?

Answer 17

linoleic acid and linolenic acid

Question 18

What are the 5 steps in digestion?

Answer 18

1) mechanical processing
2) secretion of enzymes and other digestive aids
3) enzymatic hydrolysis
4) absorption
5) elimination

Question 19

What are the 4 major layers of the gut?

Answer 19

1) mucosa
2) submucosa
3) muscularis
4) serosa

Question 20

What is secreted by chief cells?

Answer 20

pepsinogen

Question 21

What is secreted by parietal cells?

Answer 21

HCl

Question 22

How does pepsinogen become pepsin?

Answer 22

HCL lowers pH and allows for conversion

Question 23

What bacteria causes stomach ulcers?

Answer 23

helicobacter pylori

Question 24

Where does the pancreas secrete enzymes into?

Answer 24

duedenum

Question 25

What breaks down maltose, lactose and sucrose into individual monosaccharides?

Answer 25

disaccharides

Question 26

What hydrolyses small peptides to individual amino acids?

Answer 26

aminopeptidases

Question 27

What breaks nucleic acids into nucleosides?

Answer 27

nucleotidases

Question 28

What converts nucleosides to nitrogenous bases, five-carbon sugars, and phosphates

Answer 28

nucleosidases

Question 29

How are fats transported around in the body?

Answer 29

chylomicrons in the lymphatic system

Question 30

What is secretin?

Answer 30

inhibits gastric emptying and acid production in the stomach, and stimulates HCO3 secretion

Question 31

What is chelocystokinin (CCK) do?

Answer 31

inhibits gastric activity and stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes

Question 32

What is glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)?

Answer 32

stimulates pancreas to release insulin, stimulates uptake and storage of glucose

Question 33

What does alpha-MSH do?

Answer 33

inhibits appetite

Question 34

What does ghrelin do?

Answer 34

secreted by empty stomach and binds to hypothalamus and stimulates appetite

Question 35

What does leptin do?

Answer 35

secreted by fat cells to stop eating

Question 36

Pathway of digestion of ruminants?

Answer 36

rumen, reticulum, rechews and swallows, omasum, abomasum