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A&P Chapter 5-8 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

A group of similar cells with a common function

A

Tissue

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2
Q

Study of tissues is called

A

Histology

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3
Q

Four major types of tissues in the body

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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4
Q

Epithelial tissues are classified according to?

A

Number of cell layers and shape

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5
Q

Shapes of epithelial cells

A

Squamous (flat)
Cuboidal (cube)
Columnar (tall)

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6
Q

Layers of epithelial cells?

A

Simple (one layer)
Stratified(two or more layers)
Pseudo-stratified(appears layered, but not)

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7
Q

Composed of cells that produce and secrete substances into ducts or body fluid

A

Glandular epithelium

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8
Q

Two types of glands in body

A

Endocrine glands
Exocrine glands

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9
Q

Secretes into tissue fluid or blood

A

Endocrine gland

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10
Q

Secretes into ducts that open onto a surface

A

Exocrine glands

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11
Q

Two structural types of exocrine glands

A

Unicellular
Multicellular

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12
Q

Composed of one cell, such as a goblet cell (structural type of exocrine gland)

A

Unicellular

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13
Q

Composed of many cells; can be simple or compound; sweat and salivary glands (structural type of exocrine gland)

A

Multicellular

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14
Q

Types of glandular secretions

A

Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine

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15
Q

Secretes fluid products by exocytosis; salivary and sweat glands, pancreas

A

Merocrine

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16
Q

Lose small part of cell during secretion; mammary and ceruminous glands

A

Apocrine glands

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17
Q

Release entire cell filled with product; sebaceous glands (acne)

A

Holocrine glands

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18
Q

Major cell types of connective tissue

A

Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Mast cells

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19
Q

Most common connective tissue, secretes fibers into extracellular matrix, star shaped

A

Fibroblasts

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20
Q

Connective tissue- conducts phagocytosis, defends against infection

A

Macrophages (histiocytes)

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21
Q

Connective tissue, releases heparin(prevent blood clotting) release histamines (cause inflammatory response)

A

Mast cells

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22
Q

Three types of fibers

A

Collagen fibers
Elastic (yellow) fibers
Reticular fibers

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23
Q

Thick threads of collagen, the body’s main structural protein
Great tensile strength and flexible
Found in ligaments and tendons

A

Collagen fibers

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24
Q

Composed of elastin protein, branching
Can stretch and return to original shape
Found in vocal cords, respiratory passages

A

Elastic yellow fibers

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25
Thin branching fibers of collagen Delicate network Spleen and liver
Reticular fibers
26
Connective tissue can be classified into two major categories
Connective tissue proper Specialize connective tissue
27
Two types of connective tissue proper
Loose connective tissue Dense connective tissue
28
Areolar, adipose, and reticular are what type of connective tissue
Loose connective tissue
29
Dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic are what type of connective tissue
Dense connective tissue
30
Three types of specialized connective tissue
Cartilage Blood Bone
31
Areolar connective tissue
Forms thin delicate membranes Collagenous and elastic fibers In subcutaneous layer Beneath most epithelia, where it nourishes nearby epithelial cells
32
Adipose tissue (fat)
Adipocytes store fat Push their nuclei to one side Crowd out other cell types Cushion and insulate Beneath skin(subcutaneous layer) behind eyeballs, around heart, and kidneys; in spaces between muscles
33
Reticular connective tissue
Composed of network of thin reticular fibers Supports walls of internal organs Walls of liver and spleen
34
Dense regular connective tissue
Closely packed collagenous fibers Fine network of elastic fibers Most cells are fibroblasts Very strong, withstands pulling Binds body parts together Tendons, ligaments, and dermis Poor blood supply, slow to heal
35
Dense irregular connective tissue
Randomly organized, thick, interwoven collagenous fibers Fibroblasts Attachments between bones and spinal column Walls of hollow organs; large arteries, airways Parts of heart Elastic stretchy
36
Three types of cartilage
Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage
37
Most common type of cartilage, ends of bones in joints, nose, respiratory passages, embryonic skeleton
Hyaline cartilage
38
Cartilage that is flexible due to elastic fiber matrix found in external ear and larynx
Elastic cartilage
39
Cartilage that is very tough, due to many collagen fibers. Shock absorber. Found in intervertebral discs, pads of knees, and pelvic girdle
Fibrocartilage
40
Makes up exterior hard portion of bone
Compact bone
41
Makes up interior light potion of bone, houses marrow
Spongy bone
42
Cemented together to form compact bone, central canals contain blood vessels, well nourished
Osteons
43
Transport gases (blood)
Red blood cells
44
Defend against infection (blood)
White blood cells
45
Helps in blood clotting ( blood)
Platelets
46
Composed of epithelial and connective tissue; covers body surfaces and lines cavities
Epithelial membranes
47
Three types of epithelial membranes
Serous membranes Mucous membranes Cutaneous membranes
48
Lines body cavities that do not open to outside of body. Secrete serous fluid to lubrication, reduce friction
Serous membrane
49
Lines cavities and tubes that open to outside the body. Lining digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts
Mucous membranes
50
Membrane that covers body surface, commonly called skin, part of integumentary system
Cutaneous membranes
51
Membrane that is different from epithelial membranes. Composed entirely of connective tissue, lines joint cavities
Synovial membranes
52
Type of muscle that attaches to bones, is striated, and voluntary. It is stimulated by nerves
Skeletal muscles
53
Type of muscle that is non striated , involuntary and found in walls of hollow organs and blood vessels
Smooth muscles
54
Type of muscle only found in heart, striated and involuntary. Had intercalated discs and specialized intercellular junctions
Cardiac muscle
55
Found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
Nervous tissue
56
Main nervous cells that special in communication, they coordinate, integrate , and regulate body function.
Neurons
57
Neurons are composed of
Cell body(soma), dendrites, and an axon
58
Cells that support and nourish neurons
Neuroglia
59
Lines kidneys, thyroid follicles, ducts of some glands. Secretion and absorption into ducts or tubes
Simple cuboidal epithelium
60
Lines stomach, uterus, and intestines Secretion and absorption
Simple columnar epithelium
61
Walls of alveoli and capillaries. Lines blood and lymphatic vessels Diffusion(selective) and filtration In and out
Simple squamous epithelium
62
Lines respiratory passageways Secretion and absorption of mucus. Protects against infection
Pseudostratified epithelium
63
Lines urinary bladder, ureters, and part of urethra Allows tissue to stretch; contract and expand
Transitional epithelium (Urothelium)
64
Outer layer of skin lines oral cavity vagina and anal canal  Protective layer protects against microorganisms and or against water loss
Stratified squamous epithelium
65
Lines ducts of mammary , sweat, salivary glands and pancreas Protection and secretion and absorption
Stratified cuboidal epithelium 
66
Lines male urethra and ducts of exocrine glands Protection and secretion
Stratified columnar epithelium

A&P Chapter 5-8 (4 decks)

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