chapter 5

Question 1

hearing

Answer 1

physical process of decoding sounds that are translated into electrical impulses that reach the brain
(natural; passive process)

Question 2

listening

Answer 2

physical and mental process of selecting, attending to, constructing meaning from, remembering, and responding to verbal and nonverbal messages
(is an active, learned process)

Question 3

selecting

Answer 3

selecting a sound is the process of choosing one sound from all the various sounds competing for your attention

Question 4

attending

Answer 4

attending to a sound is the process of focusing on it after you have selected it

Question 5

you are more likely to attend to

Answer 5

those messages that meet your needs and are consistent with your attitudes or interests

Question 6

understanding

Answer 6

is the process of assigning meaning to the sounds you select and which you attend

Question 7

a basic principle about how people understand others is

Answer 7

the greater the similarity between individuals, the greater the likelihood for more accurate understanding

Question 8

you understand best what

Answer 8

you experience

Question 9

remembering

Answer 9

is the process of recalling information

Question 10

short term memory is where you store

Answer 10

almost all the information you hear but is a very limited space so our brain can accommodate only a few things of fleeting significance

Question 11

the information we store in long term memory includes

Answer 11

events, conversations, and other data that are significant to us

Question 12

responding

Answer 12

the process of confirming your understanding of a message

Question 13

listening style

Answer 13

preferred way of making sense out of spoken messages you hear based on your personality and your experiences

Question 14

for listening styles

Answer 14

relational, analytic, critical, or task-oriented

Question 15

relational listeners

Answer 15

those who prefer to focus on the emotions and feelings communicated verbally and nonverbally by others

Question 16

a person with a relational listening style searches for

Answer 16

common interests and seeks to empathize with the feelings of others, they connect emotionally with the sentiments and passions others express

Question 17

relational listeners are less anxious when

Answer 17

communicating with others in small groups and interpersonal situations

Question 18

a relational listener has a personality that is

Answer 18

both agreeable and open to the ideas of others

Question 19

analytical listeners

Answer 19

those who withhold judgment, listen to all sides of an issue, and wait until they hear the facts before reaching a conclusion

Question 20

analytical listeners tend to

Answer 20

listen to an entire message before assessing the validity of the information they hear. to help analyze information they take the perspective of the person to whom they are listening

Question 21

analytical listeners prefer listening to

Answer 21

rich message content and then find ways of organizing or making sense out of the information

Question 22

critical listeners

Answer 22

those who prefer to listen for the facts and evidence to support key ideas and an underlying logic; they also listen for errors, inconsistencies, and discrepancies

Question 23

critical listeners are comfortable listening to

Answer 23

detailed, complex information and focusing on the facts, yet they are especially adept in noting contradictions in the facts presented

Question 24

critical listeners tend to be

Answer 24

a bit more skeptical than relational listeners about the information they hear. they second guess, assessing whether the message is true or false

Question 25

task oriented listeners

Answer 25

those who are focused on achieving a specific outcome or accomplishing a task; they emphasize completing a specific transaction

Question 26

task oriented listeners focus on

Answer 26

verbs, what needs to be done. they don’t like to listen to rambling, descriptive messages that don’t seem to have a point

Question 27

there is evidence that when men listen

Answer 27

they are more likely to listen to solve a problem; men tend to be more instrumental and task oriented, while women may listen to enhance understanding

Question 28

conversational narcissism

Answer 28

a focus on your own needs and personal agendas rather than on the needs and ideas of others (likes to talk about their ideas, experiences and stories rather than listening)

Question 29

selective listening

Answer 29

letting pre-formed biases, prejudices, expectations, and stereotypes cause us to hear what we want to hear instead of listening to what a speaker actually said

Question 30

emotional noise

Answer 30

a form of communication interference caused by emotional arousal

Question 31

when your own emotions become aroused you may

Answer 31

lose your ability to listen effectively, strong emotions can interfere with focusing on the message of another (words that insult your religion, ethnic heritage, or sexual orientation and identity can be fighting words)

Question 32

the emotional state of the speaker may

Answer 32

also affect your ability to understand and evaluate what you hear. if you are listening to someone who is emotionally distraught, you will more likely to focus on their emotions than on the content of the message

Question 33

ambush listener

Answer 33

a person who is overly critical and judgmental when listening to others (they wait for an opportunity to attack or criticize the speaker)

Question 34

the difference between your mental ability to handle words and the speed at which they arrive at your cortical centres can cause

Answer 34

you to daydream and tune the speaker in and out, giving you the illusion that you are concentrating more attentively than you actually are

Question 35

listener apprehension

Answer 35

the fear of misunderstanding, misinterpreting, or being unable to adjust to the spoken messages of others

Question 36

in listener apprehension because some people are nervous or worried about missing the message they

Answer 36

do misunderstand the message; their fear and apprehension keep them from absorbing it

Question 37

you can improve your listening skills by

Answer 37

stop (tune out distracting competing messages), look (become aware of the speakers nonverbal cues; monitor your own nonverbal cues to communicate your interest in the speaker), and listen (create meaning from your partners verbal and nonverbal cues)

Question 38

you should stop attending to self talk because

Answer 38

your internal, self generated messages may distract you from giving your undivided attention to what others are saying

Question 39

meta cognitions

Answer 39

thoughts we have about what others are saying to help us make sense out of what we are hearing

Question 40

meta message

Answer 40

a message about a message; the message a person is expressing via nonverbal means (such as by facial expression, eye contact, or posture) about the message articulated with words

Question 41

social decentring

Answer 41

trying to imagine what the other person may be thinking as you interact (taking into account their thoughts, values, background and perspectives)

Question 42

first way to socially decentre

Answer 42

develop an understanding of another person based on how you have responded when something similar has happened to you

Question 43

second way to socially decentre

Answer 43

base your understanding on knowledge you have about the specific person

Question 44

third ways to socially decentre

Answer 44

make generalizations about someone based on your understanding of how you think most people would behave

Question 45

critical listening

Answer 45

listening in which the goal is to evaluate and asses the quality, appropriateness, value, or importance of information

Question 46

information triage

Answer 46

process of evaluating information to sort good information from less useful or less valid information

Question 47

confirming response

Answer 47

statement that causes another person to value himself or herself more

Question 48

disconfirming response

Answer 48

statement that causes another person to value himself or herself less

Question 49

kinds of confirming responses

Answer 49

direct acknowledgement (directly responding to something another person says to you), agreement about judgments (confirming someone’s evaluation of something), supportive response (express reassurance and understanding), clarifying response (seeking greater understanding of another message)

Question 50

kinds of disconfirming responses

Answer 50

impervious response (fails to acknowledge your statement or attempt to communicate), interrupting response, irrelevant response (has nothing to do with what you were saying), impersonal response, incoherent response

Question 51

central auditory processing disorder

Answer 51

difficulty processing the information they hear (have normal hearing ability but have disconnect between what is heard and what is understood)

Question 52

preschoolers who watch more than an hour of

Answer 52

tv daily risk developing attention deficit problems later in life

Question 53

right side bias

Answer 53

most people prefer to be addressed in their right ears in everyday setting and are more likely to do a favour when the request is received in their right ears

Question 54

listeners can identify linguistic stimuli more

Answer 54

accurately when presented to their right ear because it reaches the wernickes area more directly