Chapter 5

Question 1

Ligament Definition

Answer 1

Attach bone to bone

Question 2

Tendon Definition

Answer 2

Attach muscle to bone

Question 3

Compact Bone Defenition

Answer 3

Dense mineralized outer layer

Question 4

Spongy Bone Definition

Answer 4

Inner layer filled with marrow

Question 5

Epiphysis Definition

Answer 5

Round end of long bone, mainly red bone marrow

(where blood cells are made)

Question 6

Diaphysis Definition

Answer 6

Shaft of long bone, has cavity filled with yellow marrow

(where fat is stored)

Question 7

Periosteum Definition

Answer 7

Fiverous outer covering of bone, containing nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels

(Bone repair and growth)

Question 8

Ossification Definition

Answer 8

Formation of bones

Question 9

Osteocytes Definition

Answer 9

Mature bone cells, arranged in concentric rings

Question 10

Central Canal Definition

Question 11

Lacuna Definition

Question 12

Canaliculi Definition

Answer 12

Tiny canals, connect nearby lacunae and central canal

Question 13

Osteoblasts Definition

Answer 13

Bone forming cells

• Secrete calcified material that surrounds cells - making bone
• Reduces blood calcium levels
  (by removing calcium from blood and into bone)

Question 14

Osteoclasts Definition

Answer 14

Bone absorbing cells, break downs bone, releasing calcium into the blood

• Bone cells on the outer edge of bones

*Release enzymes that eat away at bone-releasing minerals
(increasing calcium levels in blood)

Question 15

Chondrocyte Definition

Answer 15

Cartilage cells

Question 16

Synovial Membrane Definition

Answer 16

Produces synovial fluid, an
excellent lubricant for the joints

Question 17

Bursae Definition

Answer 17

Fluid-filled sacs, reduce friction

Question 18

Menisci Definition

Answer 18

Cartilage between the bones, acts as a cushion

Question 19

Meniscus Definition

Question 20

Epiphyseal Plate/Growth Plate Definition

Answer 20

Cap that covers surface that rub against other bones

Question 21

Growth hormone (GH) - Definition

Answer 21

Stimulates growth of epiphyseal plate and bone growth during childhood

Question 22

Vitamin D - Definition

Answer 22

Converted to a hormone causing the
intestines to absorb calcium

Question 23

Thyroid hormones - Definition

Answer 23

Ensure that the skeleton
grow with the proper proportions

Question 24

Sex hormones - Definition

Answer 24

Adolescents experience a
growth spurt due to an increased level of
hormones, but eventually allow for the closing of the growth plate

Question 25

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - Definition

Answer 25

Produced by the parathyroid gland - accelerates calcium’s removal from bone, increasing blood calcium

Question 26

Calcitonin - Definition

Answer 26

Produced by the thyroid gland
- a hormone that decreases blood calcium levels, deposits calcium into the bone

Question 27

Disorders of the Skeletal System

Answer 27

Osteoarthritis - deterioration of cartilage at joints.
* Rheumatoid Arthritis – chronic inflammatory disorder of the joints.

*Sprains – When ligaments are torn or stretched

*Bursitis – inflammation of bursa

*Tendonitis – inflammation of tendon sheath

*Fracture = broken bone

• Osteoporosis - When more bone is reabsorbed than is formed, causing bones to become weak
  and brittle

Question 28

Bones

Answer 28

Cranium, mandible, maxillae, hyoid bone, intervertebral disks, sternum, ribs,
vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, scapula,
clavicle, humerus, ulna, radius, carpals,
metacarpals, phalanges, ilium, ischium,
pubis, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals,
metatarsals