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a level chem > chapter 5 > Flashcards

chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what are electrons contained in generally?

A

energy shells

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2
Q

what happens when the number of energy shells increases?

A

energy increases
energy levels get closer together due to increased energy

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3
Q

what is the order that electrons fill the sub shells in?

A

1S, 2S, 2P, 3S, 3P, 4S, 3D, 4P, 4D, 4F

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4
Q

what are atomic orbitals?

A

region of space around nucleus that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins

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5
Q

which ways do electrons spin in orbitals?

A

up and down

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6
Q

what is the shape of s-orbitals?

A

sphere

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7
Q

how many electrons can fit in one orbital?

A

2 electrons

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8
Q

how many electrons fit in an S subshell?

A

2 electrons

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9
Q

what is the shape of p-orbitals?

A

dumb-bell shape

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10
Q

how many variations of p-orbitals are there?

A

3

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11
Q

how many electrons can fit in a P subshell?

A

6

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12
Q

how many electrons can fit in a D subshell?

A

10

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13
Q

how many electrons can fit in a F subshell?

A

14

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14
Q

what is ionic bonding?

A

bonding between a metal and non-metal due to electron transfer

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15
Q

what happens in ionic bonding?

A

metals lose electrons to form positive cations
non-metals gain electrons to form negative anions

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16
Q

what happens in ionic bonding (attractions between ions)?

A

cations and anions are oppositely charged so form an ELECTROSTATIC ATTRACTION
forms an ionic compound

17
Q

why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

A

strong electrostatic attraction
requires lots of energy to overcome

18
Q

what shape do ions form when they bond ionically?

A

lattice structure

19
Q

what is covalent bonding?

A

bonding where two non-metals have a strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of bonded atoms

20
Q

how many electrons is boron happy with?

A

6

21
Q

what is a dative covalent bond?

A

when elements bond by a lone pair of electrons from one element

22
Q

what is meant by the term covalent bond?

A

the sharing of electrons between two nuclei (atoms)

a level chem (15 decks)

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