Chapter 5 Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the largest organ system in the body?
Integumentary system
List the layers of epidermis starting deep to most superficial.
Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (thick skin), stratum corneum
What is the difference between thick and thin skin?
Thick skin possesses 5 layers - stratum lucidum while thin skin only has 4 layers
What does melanin do and what cell produces melanin?
Melanin serves as a protection against UV radiation and gives skin and hair its pigmentation. The melanocytes produces melanin.
Why do the cells in the stratum granulosum look grainy?
Has keratin and keratohyalin that accumulates into lamellar granules.
What is the name of the protein that is found in the stratum lucidum?
Eleidin
How often is our stratum corneum getting replaced?
Every 4 weeks
What are the two layers of the dermis?
papillary and reticular layers
What are the two forms of melanin and what color do they produce?
Eumelanin - black and brown
Theomelanin - red
How long does it take for melanin synthesis to peak after UV exposure?
10 days post-exposure
Define hair follicle, hair shaft, and hair root.
Hair follicle - epidermal penetration of the dermis
Hair shaft - hair not anchored to follicle (usually at skin’s surface)
Hair root - anchored in hair follicle below the surface of the skin
What part of the nail is rapidly dividing?
Nail root
Name and define the three phases of hair growth.
Anagen phase - cell divides rapidly at hair root and push hair up and out
Catagen phase - transition from hair follicle’s active growth
Telagen phase - hair is at rest with no new growth
What are the two types of sweat glands and where do they empty their secretions?
Eccrine - duct has pore at skin’s surface that dumps sweat on skin
Apocrine - ducts empty in hair follicles
List the main functions of the integumentary system.
Protection, prevent dehydration, sensory organ, regulate body temperature and electrolyte balance, and synthesize vitamin D
What is the name of the antibacterial substance produced in sweat?
Dermcidin
Name the types of touch that each cell responds to:
a. Meissner corpuscle – light touch
b. Pacinian corpuscle – vibration
c. Merkel cells – touch receptors found in stratum basale
List the conversion of cholecalciferol to its active form and which organs are responsible for the conversions.
Epidermis synthesize vitamin D upon UV exposure which is vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) -> liver converts to calcidiol -> kidneys convert to calcitriol (active form of vitamin D)
What cell is affected by basal cell carcinoma and is this skin cancer benign or malignant?
Mitotically active stem cells in stratum basale – usually benign
What is the most malignant skin cancer and which cells are affected?
Melanoma and affects melanocytes
Define ABCDEEFG of skin cancer detection.
A – asymmetry
B – borders irregular
C - color – varied shades of brown and black
D – diameter – greater than 6 mm
E – evolving (changing shape)
E – elevated
F – firm
G – growing
Acne is formed from the blockage of what that leads to inflammation and infection?
Blockage of hair follicles
Define 1st degree, 2nd degree, 3rd degree, and 4th degree burns and which is most painful?
1st degree – superficial and only affects dermis
2nd degree – affects epidermis and part of dermis – most painful
3rd degree – affects all epidermis and dermis
4th degree – affects all skin layers + muscle and/or bone
What causes keloid scarring?
Overproduction of scar tissue due to collagen formation that does not stop once wound is healed
