Chapter 5 Flashcards by Jane Délisle

What is Electricity?

Describes all the phenomena caused by positive and negative charges

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What is Electrical Charge?

A property of protons and electrons

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What is the Coulomb

The unit of measurement for electrical charge. One Coulomb: 6.25x10^18 electrons or protons. Symbol=C

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Explain how protons act

cannot move, they are trapped inside of the nucleus

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Explain how electrons act

Can move, they rotate freely around the nucleus.

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What is only transferred?

Electrons

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Explain what charged objects are

all objects have the same number of positive and negative charges

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What are neutral objects

same number of positive and negative charges

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what are positively charged objects

more positive charges than negative

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What are negatively charged objects

more negative charges than positive charges.

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Explain Electrical Forces of attraction and repulsion

opposites attract and likes repel
Electrical charges of like signs repel each other
Electrical charges of opposite signs attract each other

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What is the law of conservation of charge

states that Electrical charges can be neither created nor destroyed; they can only be transferred from one body to another.

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what are conductors:

substance that permits the free flow of electrical charges. Ex: metals, electrolytic solutions.

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What are insulators:

Substance that impedes the free flow of electrical charges. Ex: nonmetals (usually), plastic, glass, ceramics, rubber, air

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What are semi-conductors:

Substance that exhibits variable conductivity, depending on different factors. Ex: metalloids, carbon, silicon.

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What is static electricity:

describes the phenomena of electrical charges at rest.

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What is charging by friction

two bodies are neutral
two objects are rubbed together, one object loses electrons
the other gains them, both objects are charged.

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What series needs to be known but not what it is ?

Triboelectric series

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what is charging by conduction

one charged object and one neutral object
the charge of one object is shared between 2 objects when they come into contact
two objects with like charges

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What is charging by induction

one charged objects and one neutral object
the proximity of the charged object causes the charges in the neutral object to separate
one charged object and one object carrying a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other side.

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WHat is coulombs law

the force of attraction or repulsion between two charged particles determined by the amount of charge and the distance between the charges.

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WHat is a magnet

an objectt that can attract other objects containing iron, cobalt, and nickel

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what is ferromagnetic

magnetic objects made of iron colbalt or nickel

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what is the magnetic field

the area of space in which the magnetic force of a magnet can act on another magnet. the field lines never cross

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explain the magnetic forces of attraction and repulsion

opposite magnetic poles attract each other and like magnetic poles repel each other

Explain the earth's magnetic poles

the north pole of a compass is the end that naturally seeks the earth's magnetic south pole near the geographic north pole. SO the poles are switched on earth.

What is the electromagnetic force

this is the force generated by an electromagnetic field. Anything with an electrical current creates an EM field.

WHat is electromagnetism

describes all the phenomena resulting from the interaction between electricity and magnetism

how to make a stronger electromagnet

- more power - more wraps - use iron core

describes the right hand rule using the magnetic field of a live wire

1. grasp the wire with the thumb pointing in the direction of the current flow (negative) 2. the curled fingers point to the direction of the magnetic field

what is a solenoid

long thin loop of wire which produces a magnetic field when an electric current is passed through it

explain the right hand rule for a solenoid or electromagnet

1. fingers follow current (negative) 2. thumb points north

what are the factors affecting resistance

- substance: type of conductor (good or bad) - length: the longer the wire the greater the resistance - diameter: smaller diameter resists the flow more than a larger diameter wire - temperature: warm wire resists more than a cold one

what is an electric current

flow of negative charges carried by electrons

what is electricity

electrical charges in motion

what is an electrical current

a network in which electrical charges can flow continuously in a loop

what is current intensity

the number of charges that flow past a given point in an electrical circuit every second

What is the unit for current intensity

I (ampere A)

how to meassure current intensity in amps

ammeter

what does the ammeter measure

the current (I in amps) flowing in through the circuit

What does the voltmeter measure

the potential difference between two points, how much the "push" has changed

what is potential difference (volts)

the amount of energy transferred between two points in an electrical circuit

what is the unit for potential difference

Volt (V)

what is the "push"

s needed to make the current flow

what is electrical resistance

the ability of a material to slow down or resist the flow of electric current

what are the units for resister

Ohm (the Lululemon sign)

what are the two types of resistor

- component that acts to reduce the current flow to lower voltage in circuits - component that transforms electrical energy into heat, light, sound, or motion (bulb, motor, speakers)

what does the resistor act like

a dam that slows down the current

what does Ohm's law state

staes that for a given resistance, the potential difference in a circuit is directly proportional to the current intensity

what is the triangle for volts

V I R

what are the two types of charges called

positive and negative

what is a neutral object

has no charge/same number of psitive and negative charge

are protons available for charging objects

they cannot move and they are trapped in the nucleus therefore no they are not available for charging objects

are electrons available for for charging objects

they can move and they rotate freely around the nucleus therefore they are available for charging objects.

how do we charge an object positively

more positives than negatives

how do we charge an object negativiely

more negatives than positives

what would happen if a polyethelyne ruler was rubbed with a wool cloth

the polyethylene ruler would take the wool's negative charges.

whar would happen if you used a cotton cloth to wipe your glass window clean

the cotton cloth would become negatively charged.

true or false: acetate rubbed with cotton will become positively charged because the acetate will gain/receive positive charges

true

true or false: polyethylene rubbed with wool will become negatively charged because the polyethylene will lose positive charges and the wool will gain/receive these positive charges

false

you have two spheres made of ebonite. you rub one with rubber and the other with cotton. what would happen if you brought both spheres together

they will attract

is this a conductor, semi-conductor, or insulator? - the porcelain that holds wires on utility poles

insulator

is this a conductor, semi-conductor, or insulator? a copper wire in an electronic circuit

conductor

is this a conductor, semi-conductor, or insulator? a resistor in a printed circuit

semi-conductor

is this a conductor, semi-conductor, or insulator? the filament in a light buld

semi-conductor

is this a conductor, semi-conductor, or insulator? the rubber coating around a wire

insulator

has the object been charged by friction, conduction, or induction? to make a ballon stick to the wall, you rub it on your head

friction

has the object been charged by friction, conduction, or induction? a trickle of water is redirected by a charged ruler

induction

has the object been charged by friction, conduction, or induction? clothes are full of static electricity when they come out of the dryer

frictions

has the object been charged by friction, conduction, or induction? a teenage boy becomes electrically charged by dragging his feet

friction

has the object been charged by friction, conduction, or induction? you put a charged object in contact with a metal-leaf electroscope

induction

has the object been charged by friction, conduction, or induction? confetti is drawn to charged objects

conduction

what is the difference between a electromagnet and a solenoid

electromagnet has a core and it describes all the phenomena resulting from interaction between electricity from a magnet. a solenoid has a wire that produces a magnetic field when an electric current is passed through.

Chapter 5 Flashcards

(73 cards)