Chapter. 5

Question 1

The world provides us with _____ resources that we can make __________ with.

Answer 1

natural
energy

Question 2

Non- renewable energy will

Answer 2

eventually run out

Question 3

Fossil fuels

Answer 3

are toxic to the environment. they’re made from dead plants and organisms and they’re a non-renewable type of resource and energy.

Eg. coal, gas, oil, peat

Question 4

% of energy that comes from fossil fuel in (a). the world and (b). ireland

Answer 4

a. >80%
b. 91%

Question 5

dependant

Answer 5

rely on them

Question 6

Advantages of oil

Answer 6

gives off hardly any smoke
produces great heat
it is very efficient
easily transported

Question 7

disadvantages of oil

Answer 7

it’s expensive
we have to import it
it must be transported by sea in tankers
oil leaks can cause serious pollution

Question 8

most oil reserves are located around

Answer 8

the persian gulf in the middle east

Question 9

what is OPEC (Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries)

Answer 9

the organisation that cause the oil prices to fluctuate.

Eg. They will go down if there is a lot of oil available and it will go up if it is difficult to access oil because of conflicts of oil producing countries.

Question 10

Percentage of Ireland’s energy that comes from oil.

Answer 10

48%

Question 11

Why has Ireland not yet exploited its oil reserves

Answer 11

the location of Ireland’s oil reserves make it very difficult to drill.

the oil may not be of a high quality

Question 12

How much % of Irelands energy come from gas

Answer 12

27%

Question 13

How much % of Ireland’s energy comes from coal

Answer 13

10%

Question 14

How much % of Ireland’s energy comes from peat

Answer 14

5.5%

Question 15

finite

Answer 15

will eventually run out

Question 16

Types of renewable energy

Answer 16

HEP (Hydro Electric Power)
Wind energy
Solar energy
Geothermal energy
Biomass

Question 17

What’s HEP

Answer 17

The creation of electricity by using the force of falling water,

Question 18

How is a HEP station made

Answer 18

A dam is built across a river to trap the water. When part of the dam is opened water rushes through. The water is used to push a turbine which creates electricity.

Question 19

What’s a dam

Answer 19

a concrete wall that controls the flow of water.

Question 20

what’s a turbine

Answer 20

a machine where a liquid (typically water) or a gas (typically wind) flows through and turns a wheel with blades in order to produce power.

Question 21

In 2015, how much of the world’s energy did HEP create

Answer 21

over 16%

Question 22

HEP stations need

Answer 22

Water supply - constant supply of water - they’re built on fast-flowing, high volume rivers.

Slope - a HEP station needs to be built where there is a drop in the course of the river - this drop causes the water to flow quickly

Bedrock - The reservoir behind the dam must be built on impermeable bedrock so the water in the reservoir does not seep away and remains as a constant water supply.

Climate - HEP stations need to be situated in areas of high levels of rainfall so the water in the reservoir can replenish.

Question 23

How fast of wind can wind turbines deal with

Answer 23

up to 320kph

Question 24

What is the main disadvantage of wind energy

Answer 24

the wind turbines need a constant supply of wind

Question 25

What is solar energy used for

Answer 25

to create light and heat from the sun rays

Question 26

how does the solar energy process occur

Answer 26

the solar cells on the solar panels attract the sun and absorb the rays and converts this into electricity.

Question 27

What is geothermal energy

Answer 27

energy created by using the heat from the Earth's crust.

Question 28

How does geothermal energy occur

Answer 28

Water is pumped deep into the Earth's crust and heated by the rocks. The heated water is then pumped back up to the surface where it can be used to heat homes. The hot water can also be converted into steam which is used to turn turbines and generate electricity.

Question 29

Where is geothermal exploited

Answer 29

areas where there is volcanic electricity. Eg. Iceland and New Zealand.

Question 30

What is biomass

Answer 30

energy that comes from organic material such as wood logs, chips and pellets; manure, sewage and also some other crops such as rape seed oil.

Question 31

What can biomass make

Answer 31

biofuel for example, these biofuels include biofuel which is used to power engines, such as those in agriculture machinery. This cuts down the use of non-renewable fuel such as petrol and diesel.

Question 32

Ireland's natural gas comes from both Ireland and abroad. Name a few

Answer 32

Kinsale Head, Ballycotton and the seven heads gas fields located off the coast of Cork. Another being the Corrib Gas Field which we started using in 2015 that would, will and is reducing our dependency on importing gas from abroad.

Question 33

HEP

Answer 33

Hydro Electric Power

Question 34

What HEP station was built in Co. Clare

Answer 34

Ardnacrusha in 1927

Question 35

About how much % of Irelands energy comes from HEP

Answer 35

2.5%

Question 36

Advantages of HEP

Answer 36

Can generate cheap, clean, renewable energy The water built up behind a HEP station is known as a reservoir. This can be used as a water supply for the local area The reservoir can act as a leisure facility for activities such as fishing, rowing and other water based activities The building if the dam can help reduce flooding

Question 37

Disadvantages of HEP

Answer 37

The creation of a HEP station may result in the loss of good farmland. Families may have to be relocated as a creation of a reservoir. New roads and Bridges have to be built around the reservoir and HEP station. The reservoir can reduce fish from swimming upstream which can reduce live stock

Question 38

% of Irelands energy that comes from wind

Answer 38

Over 20% saving us 200 million annually and employing over 3400 nationally.

Question 39

Itelands largest windfarm

Answer 39

Galway Wind Park opened in October 2017 by Coillte and Airtricity and has 58 turbines that can power more than 140000 homes.

Question 40

Where are most Wind farms located

Answer 40

Near West Coast due to the wind if Atlantic ocean and are on what is known as cut away bogs (bogs no longer used to produce peat) and are located in isolated areas to help prevent visual pollution

Question 41

Advantages of wind energy

Answer 41

Clean energy sources that is sustainable Cuts the cost of energy as it reduces our need to import energy sources Creates employment in rural areas in both construction and maintenance of the wind farm

Question 42

Disadvantages of wind energy

Answer 42

Wind can be unreliable Wind farms are very expensive to build Noise and visual pollution can impact local residents and less to planning objections. Building land in cut away bogs and increased human activities can lead to mass movement.

Question 43

According to the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland, how much of Irelands energy did we import and how much did it cost

Answer 43

88% and it cost €4.6 billion to the country

Question 44

3 main impacts of fossil fuels

Answer 44

Global Warming Acid rain Smog

Question 45

Global Warming

Answer 45

Burning fossil fuels increase greenhouse gases. These gases trap the sun's heat in the atmosphere causing temperature to rise.

Question 46

Acid Rain

Answer 46

Acid rain occurs when nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide are released into the atmosphere. This happens when fossil fuels are burned in cars, factories and power stations. The gases combine with water vapour in the atmosphere and fall as acid rain. Normal rain has a pH level of about 5.6 because it mixes with gases in the atmosphere. However, acid rain can have a pH level of 4 which means it is acidic

Question 47

Problems caused by acid rain

Answer 47

Washes nutrients away from soil which stops crops from growing. This means farmers need more fertilisers. Acid rain can wipe out fish stocks in lakes because fish cannot reproduce if the water in the lake is too acidic Forests become vulnerable to disease and many trees can die due to the damage done to the soil by acid rain. Cities can be damaged as the chemicals in acid rain attack old building and weather (wear away) the stone

Question 48

Solutions to acid rain

Answer 48

Use more clean and renewable types of energy such as wind and solar Use natural gas instead of coal in power stations because it is cleaner Use filters in coal and oil power stations to reduce sulphur dioxide emissions. Tax cars with higher emissions or develop cleaner technology for cars Encourage people to use public transport instead of cars

Question 49

What is smog and how is it created

Answer 49

Smog is created when smoke from burning fossil fuels creates air pollution and that air pollution mixes with sunlight and its heat. Because it looks like fog and comes from smoke it is called smog.