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DT 🖥️ > Chapter 5 ✅ > Flashcards

Chapter 5 ✅ Flashcards

1
Q

What is the CPU?

A

The Central Processing Unit which has the main role of processing programs and data.

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2
Q

the repeated process where the cpu fetches_ from_ and c

What is the fetch-execute cycle?

A

The repeated process where the CPU fetches the instruction from the memory and carries it out.

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3
Q

CU, ALU, IAS

What are the 3 main components of the CPU?

A

The Control Unit, Arithmetic and Logic Unit, Immediate Access Store

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4
Q

manages the execution,decides which instructions next, fetch, decode

What is the control unit?

A

part of the CPU which manages the execution of instructions in the fetch-execute cycle.

It decides which instruction to carry out next, fetch it from the memory, decode the instruction & to execute the instruction.

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5
Q

What is the ALU?
-stand for
-part of what
-data requires +-= cal
-example-also preforms LC using LO: A,O,N

A

The Arithmetic Logic Unit is the part of the CPU which processes data which requires arithmetic calculations, e.g. addition and division. It also performs logical comparisons using logical operators AND, OR and NOT.

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6
Q

What is the IAS?
-stand for
-part of
-stores all what while in use
-during f-e cycle where are they gotten from

A

The Immediate Access Store is the part of the CPU.

It stores all programs and data temporarily while they are in use.

During the fetch-execute cycle, all instructions are fetched from their specific location in the IAS

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7
Q

memory locations used for sp+have crucial role

What are CPU registers?

A

High speed memory locations which are all used for a specific purpose and all have a crucial role in the fetch-execute cycle.

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8
Q

store address of next i to be f, pc is automatically increased each time

What is the PC?

A

The Program Counter is the CPU register which stores the address of the next instruction to be fetched. As many program instructions are ordered in sequence, the program counter is automatically increased by one every time an instruction is fetched.

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9
Q

🧠🏡

What is the MAR?

A

The Memory Address Register temporarily stores the address of the current instruction or data being executed.

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10
Q

What is the MDR?

A

The Memory Data Register temporarily stores data being fetched from or written to the main memory. All data transferred from the main memory to the CPU goes via the MDR.

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11
Q

instruction, stores current, then execute

What is the IR?

A

-Instruction Register
-temporarily stores the current instruction to be decoded
-then executed after it has been fetched from the main memory.

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12
Q

where all calc results are temp stored in

What is the Accumulator?

A

Where all calculation results are temporarily stored in before being transferred and stored in the main memory.

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13
Q

CS = indicator of speed, greater clock speed= faster execution, hardware

How does clock speed influence the speed of processing?

A

Clock speed is an indicator of what speed at which the CPU can work at.

A greater clock speed allows for faster execution of tasks and improves system responsiveness.

However, this is pointless without hardware which is of a greater speed capability.

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14
Q

How does cache influence the speed of processing?
-what is cache memory
-what can the control unit of the CPU automatically do
-as this is quicker what will increase

A

Cache memory is a small capacity of memory which is situated between the processor and the RAM.

The control unit of the CPU automatically checks the cache memory first when fetching an instruction.

As this is quicker than checking the RAM (cache is significantly smaller), the processor speed will increase.

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15
Q

single p unit,has its own ALU+R,+advanced=1< core,increase ability to

How do processor cores influence the speed of processing?

A

a single processing unit which has its own control unit, ALU and registers.

More advanced CPUs contain more than one core (e.g. dual core processor)

which will increase their ability to run several programs at once which will therefore enhance the overall processing speed.

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16
Q

What is a microphone?

A

an input device that records voice and sound to be inputted to the computer.

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17
Q

Give 2 advantages of a microphone:

A
  1. Faster to use voice to text rather than type out everything with a keyboard.
  2. It is hands free which allows users to multitask.
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18
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of a microphone:

A

1.The recognition rate of spoken words can be low if there is background noise.
2. Sound files require greater storage capacity than text.

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19
Q

What is a mouse?

A

a small device that a computer user pushes across a desk surface in order to point to a place on a display screen and to select one action to take from that position.

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20
Q

What is an advantage of using a mouse?

A

Easy to use and requires little or no training

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21
Q

How does using a mouse compare to using a keyboard for selecting menus?

A

Quicker to select menus and icons compared to using a keyboard

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22
Q

What is a disadvantage of using a mouse for experienced users?

A

Slow compared to using ‘hot keys’

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23
Q

What do experienced users prefer over using a mouse for printing?

A

Pressing ctrl + P

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24
Q

What surface is required for a mouse to function properly?

A

A flat surface

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25
What is a graphics digitiser used for?
Allows a user to hand-draw images or pictures
26
What are the main components of a graphics digitiser?
A flat surface and a stylus
27
What is a key advantage of using a graphics digitiser?
More natural to draw diagrams with a stylus than with a mouse
28
What is a disadvantage of using a graphics digitiser?
Not suitable for selecting menus and pointing at menu items
29
How does a touchscreen function?
Touching the screen is the same as clicking your mouse
30
# change in voltage - determines locstion What happens when you touch a touchscreen?
Causes a change in voltage which determines the location of the touch
31
What is an advantage of using a touchscreen?
Little ICT competence required compared to using a keyboard
32
What is a disadvantage of using a touchscreen?
Limited number of options available on screen
33
True or False: A touchscreen can perform drag-and-drop operations.
True
34
# $$$$ Fill in the blank: Compared to a mouse, the graphics digitiser is much more _______.
expensive
35
What technology does a touchscreen use to determine touch location?
Touch-sensing technologies with electrical current
36
What is the primary function of a computer speaker?
To output sound through a computer
37
What component is required for sound to be output through a speaker?
Sound card
38
How can the quality of sound be improved when using a computer?
By using external speakers
39
What are two methods to connect external speakers to a computer?
USB connections or wireless technology
40
What types of audio can speakers output?
* Music * Spoken word
41
How do speakers assist in multimedia solutions?
By allowing sound output
42
What sound alert does a speaker produce?
When an error occurs or user action is needed
43
What is one advantage of speakers for visually impaired users?
Text or figures can be spoken by the computer
44
What is a disadvantage of using external speakers?
Require additional desk space
45
How can speakers affect other users in an office?
They can distract other users
46
What type of output do laser printers produce?
* High-quality text * High-quality graphics
47
How does a laser printer create an image for printing?
By scanning the image onto a drum using a laser beam
48
What is one advantage of laser printers over inkjet printers?
Faster to print in bulk
49
What is a disadvantage of color laser printers?
Expensive to purchase and use
50
What type of stationery cannot be used with non-impact printers?
Multipart stationery
51
# C,P,M What surfaces can a 3D printer print onto?
* Ceramic * Plastic * Metal
52
How does 3D printing work?
By gradually printing a solid object one layer at a time
53
What software is commonly used with 3D printers?
CAD (computer aided design) software
54
What is the primary use of 3D printers?
To create prototypes of real-world objects
55
True or False: Laser printers are suitable for large volumes of data.
True
56
What is an advantage of 3D printers?
Time taken to produce an object is much faster than using conventional methods. ## Footnote 3D printing allows for rapid prototyping and faster iteration in design.
57
List two disadvantages of 3D printers.
* Limited form of printing as it can only print a prototype (not full scale) * Not yet economical for large-scale manufacturing ## Footnote These limitations affect the broader adoption of 3D printing in various industries.
58
What is a hard disc drive composed of?
A number of rigid discs stacked on a spindle and enclosed in a sealed unit. ## Footnote The sealed unit protects the discs from dirt and dust.
59
What must be done to a hard disc before data can be stored on it?
The disc must be formatted first. ## Footnote Formatting involves dividing each disc surface into tracks and sectors.
60
What are read/write heads used for in a hard disc drive?
To read or write data onto the disc surfaces. ## Footnote Each surface of the disc has its own read/write head.
61
List two advantages of hard disc drives.
* The cost per gigabyte is cheaper than other forms of external storage * Storage capacity is much greater compared to solid state storage devices ## Footnote These factors make hard disc drives a popular choice for data storage.
62
What is a disadvantage of hard disc drives?
They are prone to breaking down due to moving parts. ## Footnote This mechanical vulnerability can lead to data loss.
63
What technology do high-definition storage media use?
Laser technology to store and retrieve data. ## Footnote This technology allows for high data transfer speeds.
64
What type of laser is used in high-definition storage media?
A blue laser. ## Footnote The blue laser burns smaller pits onto the surface, increasing storage density.
65
Fill in the blank: A solid-state storage device does not contain any _______.
moving parts. ## Footnote This characteristic makes solid-state devices more durable than traditional hard drives.
66
What is a solid-state storage device?
A device that does not contain any moving parts and uses flash memory ## Footnote Solid-state storage devices are embedded as part of an electronic circuit board and are non-volatile.
67
What is flash memory?
A type of non-volatile memory that retains contents when power is off ## Footnote Flash memory is used in solid-state storage devices.
68
What are USB memory sticks known for?
Being compact, portable, and having large storage capacity ## Footnote USB memory sticks are also described as 'plug and play' devices.
69
What are memory cards used for?
Storing data in digital devices such as mobile phones and cameras ## Footnote Memory cards include types like SD cards and mini-SD cards.
70
What is a SIM card?
A type of memory card used in mobile phones to store data ## Footnote SIM stands for subscriber identity module.
71
What is a smart card?
A bank card that uses flash memory and contains an embedded integrated circuit ## Footnote Smart cards are used for applications like satellite TV and door entry systems.
72
What are the categories of internal memory?
RAM, ROM, Cache memory ## Footnote Internal memory is essential for a computer's operation.
73
What does RAM stand for?
Random Access Memory ## Footnote RAM is volatile and loses its contents when the power is off.
74
What is the characteristic of ROM?
It can be read from but not written to ## Footnote ROM is non-volatile and stores permanent programs.
75
Fill in the blank: RAM is ______, while ROM is ______.
volatile; non-volatile ## Footnote This distinction is important for understanding memory types.
76
True or False: Cache memory is a type of ROM.
False ## Footnote Cache memory is part of internal memory but is distinct from ROM.
77
What is ROM?
Read Only Memory ## Footnote ROM is a type of memory that can be read from but not written to, making its contents permanent.
78
What is a key characteristic of ROM?
Non-volatile ## Footnote ROM retains its contents even when the power is turned off.
79
What is the purpose of ROM in a computer?
Store permanent programs ## Footnote ROM is used to store essential programs like the boot program for Windows.
80
What is the difference between RAM and ROM?
RAM is volatile; ROM is non-volatile ## Footnote RAM loses its contents when power is off, while ROM does not.
81
What is cache memory?
A type of memory used by the CPU ## Footnote Cache memory is similar to RAM and allows instructions to be read and written.
82
How does cache memory compare to RAM?
Similar in function ## Footnote Both cache memory and RAM allow for reading and writing instructions.
83
Fill in the blank: ROM is used to store programs that are frequently required by the computer, such as the _______.
boot program for Windows
84
True or False: ROM can be altered after it is written.
False ## Footnote The contents of ROM are permanent and cannot be changed.
85
What happens to the contents of RAM when the power is turned off?
They are lost ## Footnote RAM is classified as volatile memory.
86
what is cache memory
Cache memory is a small capacity of memory which is situated between the processor and the RAM.

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