Chapter 5

Question 1

Classes of infectious particles (4)

Answer 1

Bacteria, viruses, protists, fungi

Question 2

Ecology

Answer 2

Study of living organisms a with each otehr and the environment

Question 3

Ecological niche

Answer 3

Teh ecological location an organism inhabits

Question 4

Resistant microflora

Answer 4

Microbes that normally inhabit niches on the human body

Question 5

Sterile compartments with examples

Answer 5

Free of microbes

Heart, CNS, kidneys peritoneal cavity

Question 6

True pathogens

Answer 6

Cause disease on almost any person they infect

Question 7

Opportunistic pathogens

Answer 7

Microbes that wont lead to disease in people it’s healthy immune systems

Question 8

Chain of infection

Answer 8

Reservoirs
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
Infectious agents

Question 9

Chain of infection

Answer 9

Reservoirs
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
Infectious agents

Question 10

Vectors

Answer 10

Other object or organism that carries an infectious particle

Question 11

Biological vector

Answer 11

Living organism that carries an infectious particle during part of its life cycle

Question 12

Mechanical vector

Answer 12

Anything that carries an infectious particle on its surface

Question 13

Examples of methods of portals of entry

Answer 13

Direct contact
- STIs/childbirth
Penetration
- skin, membranes due to burns, wounds, etc
Ingestion
- oral uptake
Inhalation

Question 14

Portal of exit examples/methods

Answer 14

Respiratory
- breathing, droplets

Intestinal
- feces

STI
- direct sexual contact

Question 15

Pathogenicity

Answer 15

Capacity of the infectious particle to cause tissue injury or disease manifestations

Question 16

Virulence

Answer 16

Biological capacity of an infectious organism to cause tissue injury to the host

Used interchangeably wiht pathogenicity

Question 17

Virulence factors

Answer 17

Specific molecular features of the particle that cause injury

Genetic traits of the particles

Question 18

Infective dose

Answer 18

Amount of infectious material required for infection to occur

Question 19

Communicable infections

Answer 19

Person to person, animal to person, from inanimate objects

Question 20

Carrier states

Answer 20

Microbe is harboured without obvious symptoms

Carrier can transmit infections without being ill

Question 21

Incubation carriers

Answer 21

Type of carrier state

Infection at an early stage and symptoms not occurred yet

Question 22

Convalescent carriers

Answer 22

Type of carrier state

Person has undergone treatment but microbes are still present

Question 23

Latency

Answer 23

Where teh microbe persists in low numbers but can still transmit

Question 24

Passive carriers

Answer 24

Mechanical vectors

Carrying microbes on clothing or skin

Question 25

EIDs

Answer 25

Emerging infectious diseases

Question 26

Examples of EIDs

Answer 26

SARS COV-2, Nipah, Ebola, Zika

Question 27

Hardest EIDs to deal wiht

Answer 27

Ones that are antibiotic resistant

Question 28

Sepsis

Answer 28

Abnormal physiological, pathological, and biochemical syndrome caused by infection

Question 29

Septis steps

Answer 29

SIRS Sepsis Severe sepsis Septic shock

Question 30

SIRS acronym

Answer 30

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Question 31

SIRS step

Answer 31

First step in sepsis T: over 100.4 or under 96.8 RR over 20 HR over 90 Etc

Question 32

Sepsis step

Answer 32

Second stage of sepsis 2 SIRS + Confirmed or suspected infection

Question 33

Severe sepsis step

Answer 33

Third stage of sepsis Sepsis (last stage) + Signs of end organ damage Hypotension Lactate

Question 34

Septic shock

Answer 34

Forth stage of sepsis Severe sepsis (last stage) + Persistence signs of Organ damage, hypotension, and lactate over 4 moles Basically just sepsis but for a long time

Question 35

What happens during septic shock? (

Answer 35

Vascular permeability increases leading to a large shift of fluid from vascular compartment into the tissues Can lead to a huge loss of BP, Organ failure, long term disability,and death

Question 36

Most common condition predisposing to sepsis is…

Answer 36

Pneumonia