Chapter 5 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Group studies
In neuropsychology, the performance of different patients is combined to yield a group average
Single case studies
In cognitive neuropsychology, the data from different patients are not combined
Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS)
A name for a variety of methods that stimulate the brain non-invasively (i.e. outside the skull) including by magnetic, electrical and ultrasound methods
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
Non-invasive stimulation of the brain caused by magnetic induction from a rapidly changing electrical current in a coil held over the scalp
Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES)
Non-invasive stimulation of the brain caused by passing a weak electrical current through it, either direct currents (tDCS) or alternating currents (tACS)
Split-brain
A surgical procedure in which fibers of the corpus callosum are severed
Strokes
Disruption in the blood supply to the brain; also called cerebrovascular accidents (CVA)
Aneurysm
Over-elastic region of artery that is prone to rupture
Single dissociation
A situation in which a patient is impaired on a particular task (task A) but relatively spared on another task (task B)
Task-resource artifact
If two tasks share the same neural/cognitive resource but one task uses it more, then damage to this resource will affect one task more than the other
Task-demand artifact
One task is performed worse than another because the task is performed sub-optimally (but not because some aspect of the task is compromised)
Double dissociation
Two single dissociations that have a complementary profile of abilities
Dysgraphia
Difficulties in spelling and writing
Syndrome
A cluster of different symptoms that are believed to be related in some meaningful way
Transparency assumption
Lesions affect one or more components within the pre-existing cognitive system but do not result in a completely new cognitive system being created
Edema
A swelling of the brain following injury
Diaschisis
A discrete brain lesion can disrupt the functioning of distant brain regions that are structurally intact
Behavioral neuroscience
Cognitive neuroscience in nonhuman animals
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)
Non-invasive stimulation of the brain caused by passing a weak electrical direct current through it
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS)
Non-invasive stimulation of the brain caused by passing a weak electrical alternating current through it; the frequency of the alternations can interact with the brain’s own rhythmical activity
Cathodal tDCS
This decreases cortical excitability and decreases performance
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tRNS)
Non-invasive stimulation of the brain caused by passing a weak electrical current through it, which fluctuates in direction and amplitude
Anodal tDCS
This increases cortical excitability and increases performance
