Chapter 9

Question 1

Attention

Answer 1

The process by which certain information is selected for further processing and other information is discarded

Question 2

Inattentional blindness

Answer 2

A failure to be aware of a visual stimulus because attention is directed away from it

Question 3

Change blindness

Answer 3

A failure to notice the appearance/disappearance of objects between two alternating images

Question 4

Salient

Answer 4

Any aspect of a stimulus that, for whatever reason, stands out from the rest

Question 5

Orienting

Answer 5

The movement of attention from one location to another

Question 6

Covert orienting

Answer 6

The movement of attention from one location to another without moving the eyes/body

Question 7

Overt orienting

Answer 7

The movement of attention accompanied by movement of the eyes or body

Question 8

Inhibition of return

Answer 8

A slowing of reaction time associated with going back to a previously attended location

Question 9

Exogenous orienting

Answer 9

Attention that is externally guided by a stimulus

Question 10

Endogenous orienting

Answer 10

Attention is guided by the goals of the perceiver

Question 11

Visual search

Answer 11

A task of detecting the presence or absence of a specified target object in an array of other distracting objects

Question 12

Attentional blink

Answer 12

An inability to report a target stimulus if it appears soon after another target stimulus

Question 13

Lateral intra-parietal area (LIP)

Answer 13

Contains neurons that respond to salient stimuli in the environment and are used to plan eye movements

Question 14

Saccade

Answer 14

A fast, ballistic movement of the eyes

Question 15

Salience map

Answer 15

A spatial layout that emphasizes the most behaviorally relevant stimuli in the environment

Question 16

Frontal eye field (FEF)

Answer 16

Part of the frontal lobes responsible for voluntary movement of the eyes

Question 17

Hemispatial neglect

Answer 17

A failure to attend to stimuli on the opposite side of space to a brain lesion

Question 18

Pseudo-neglect

Answer 18

In a non-lesioned brain there is over attention to the left side of space

Question 19

Phenomenal consciousness

Answer 19

The ‘raw’ feeling of a sensation, the content of awareness

Question 20

Access consciousness

Answer 20

The ability to report on the content of awareness

Question 21

Pop-out

Answer 21

The ability to detect an object among distractor objects in situations in which the number of distractors presented is unimportant

Question 22

Illusory conjunctions

Answer 22

A situation in which visual features of two different objects are incorrectly perceived as being associated with a single object

Question 23

Early selection

Answer 23

A theory of attention in which information is selected according to perceptual attributes

Question 24

Late selection

Answer 24

A theory of attention in which all incoming information is processed up to the level of meaning (semantics) before being selected for further processing

Question 25

Negative priming

Answer 25

If an ignored object suddenly becomes the attended object, then participants are slower at processing it

Question 26

Extinction

Answer 26

In the context of attention, this term refers to unawareness of a stimulus in the presence of competing stimuli

Question 27

Balint’s syndrome

Answer 27

A severe difficulty in spatial processing normally following bilateral lesions of the parietal lobe; symptoms include simultanagnosia, optic ataxia, and optic apraxia

Question 28

Simultanagnosia

Answer 28

Inability to perceive more than one object at a time

Question 29

Line bisection

Answer 29

A task involving judging the central point of a line

Question 30

Cancellation task

Answer 30

A variant of the visual search paradigm in which the patient must search for targets in an array, normally striking them through as they are found

Question 31

Remapping

Answer 31

Adjusting one set of spatial coordinates to be aligned with a different coordinate system

Question 32

Egocentric space

Answer 32

A map of space coded relative to the position of the body

Question 33

Allocentric space

Answer 33

A map of space coding the locations of objects and places relative to each other