chapter 5 Flashcards by Emma McCrory

What type of fish introduced from Asia has become a problem in the Mississippi River system because it grows and reproduces quickly, damaging native ecosystems?

Multiple choice question.

Carp

Eel

Catfish

Sturgeon

Carp

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N is an example of what type of term that ecologists tend to use in order to describe population growth patterns?

Multiple choice question.

Chemical

Statistical

Symbolic

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Match the symbols used in population growth equations with their definition.

N:
r:
t:

N: population size
r: rate of growth
t: time

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The type of population growth pattern that displays a J-shaped curve, such as that on the graph, is ____ growth.

exponential

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In order to estimate the doubling time for a growing population, divide ____ by the rate of growth in percentage.

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The Asian carp that are currently in the Mississippi River system Blank______.

Multiple select question.

are popular food sources for Americans

lack natural predators

grow and reproduce slowly

consist of different species that partition resources

lack natural predators

consist of different species that partition resources

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Imagine a population of houseflies that were freed of predation and given unlimited food. The houseflies would Blank______ in population.

Multiple choice question.

grow exponentially

decrease a bit

not change

grow exponentially

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True or false: Ecologists tend to use symbolic terms such as N, r, and t in order to analyze and describe population growth patterns.

True

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Identify what is represented by line A on the graph. The x-axis is time and the y-axis is population size.

Multiple choice question.

Logistic growth

Biotic potential

Carrying capacity

Exponential growth

Carrying capacity

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In the population growth equation, Nt = N0rt, N refers to Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

the carrying capacity

time

the population size

the rate of growth

the population size

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dentify the type of growth pattern seen in the S-curve on the graph.

Multiple choice question.

Exponential

Linear

Logistic

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What is the maximum sustained yield of an economically valuable species?

Multiple choice question.

The largest size of an individual that can be caught

The highest number of individuals that can be regularly captured

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The rule of 70 is used to estimate the time it takes for a population to Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

double

go extinct

reach carrying capacity

double

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A species that exhibits early maturity, rapid growth, and many offspring is a(n) Blank______ species.

Multiple choice question.

climax

r-selected

K-selected

pioneer

r-selected

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Under the right conditions and if there are no constraints, a population can Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

extend their life expectancy

reach huge numbers

evolve quickly

reach huge numbers

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A species that exhibits high parental care and tends to be high in trophic level is a(n) Blank______ species.

Multiple choice question.

K-selected

climax

pioneer

r-selected

K-selected

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The maximum abundance of a species that can be supported without depleting resources is the ____ capacity.

carrying

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The type of population growth pattern that is slow and makes an S-shaped curve on a graph is _____ growth.

logistic or sigmoidal

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Which of the following is an r-selected species?

Multiple choice question.

Sea turtles

Whale sharks

Butterflies

Parrots

Butterflies

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The highest number of a species that can be captured without disrupting future productivity is the maximum sustained ______.

yield

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The huge white-tailed deer population in the United States has high social costs that include Blank______.

Multiple select question.

the destruction of crops and landscaping

the spread of Lyme disease

millions of vehicle collisions

a decline in wolf and mountain lion numbers

the destruction of crops and landscaping

the spread of Lyme disease

millions of vehicle collisions

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r-selected species have high productive rates Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

and have narrow tolerance limits for environmental factors

and tend to occupy high trophic levels in ecosystems

but give little or no care to their offspring

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Which of the possible ways to control urban white-tailed deer populations would be the least successful in reducing numbers?

Multiple choice question.

Culling by sharpshooters

Chemical birth control

Relocation

Introduction of predators

Relocation

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Typically, species that are K-selected have long generation times, late sexual maturity, and fewer ______.

young, kids, babies, or offspring

Identify the examples of an r-selected species. Multiple select question. Roach Wildflower Wolf Dandelion Orca (killer whale)

Roach Wildflower Dandelion

The white-tailed _____ population in the United States is huge and is causing many problems including crop and tree damage, vehicle collisions, and the spread of both chronic wasting and _____ disease, together which cost billions of dollars annually. (Use just one word per blank.)

deer lyme

Which of these is likely the least acceptable alternative to control large urban populations of white-tailed deer? Multiple choice question. Chemical fertility controls Introduction of natural predators Sharpshooters

Sharpshooters

Which of the possible ways to control urban white-tailed deer populations would be the least successful in reducing numbers? Multiple choice question. Relocation Chemical birth control Introduction of predators Culling by sharpshooters

Relocation

Which of the following contribute to the calculated rate of population growth? Multiple select question. Resources Emigration Climate Birth Immigration Death

Emigration Birth Immigration Death

In a population of plants, each age class has approximately the same chance of survival as any other age class. The survivorship curve for this species is most likely to be type Blank______. Multiple choice question. I II III

Which of the following is an abiotic factor that may limit population growth? Multiple choice question. Increasing number of offspring Increasing number of hunters Increasing water pH Increasing number of competitors

Increasing water pH

Regulatory factors whose effects are stronger when population size is large are considered to be Blank______. Multiple choice question. density-independent abiotic biotic density-dependent

density-dependent

Weather, a density-independent factor of population growth, is a(n) Blank______ factor of population growth. Multiple choice question. abiotic biotic

abiotic

Birth, death, emigration, and _____ are all factors that contribute to r.

immigration

The graph indicates that density-dependent mechanisms affecting population growth may be a result of interactions between ______. (Use only one word per blank.)

populations or species

Giant redwoods have relatively low natural survival rates as seedlings and young trees. Once they have reached old age, however, survival rates increase. This pattern is typical of type Blank______ survivorship curves. Multiple choice question. I II III

III

Which of the following are examples of intraspecific interactions? Multiple select question. Two species of barnacles competing for space on the bottom of a ship. An adult mother polar bear chasing her full-grown young out of her territory. Two stallions fighting over a mare. Vultures, jackals, hyenas, and lions trying to eat (simultaneously) a dead zebra.

An adult mother polar bear chasing her full-grown young out of her territory. Two stallions fighting over a mare.

Match the factors that affect population dynamics to their correct definitions. intrinsic: extrinsic: biotic: abiotic:

intrinsic: These operate within organisms or species. extrinsic: These are imposed from outside the population. biotic: These are caused by living organisms. abiotic: These are caused by nonliving components.

Which of the following statements correctly describe means by which animals can defend and hold a territory, and thereby control access to resources? Multiple select question. Growing a set of antlers superior in size to those of other males Fighting with rivals Demonstrating an ability to increase population size when the population size of prey increases

Growing a set of antlers superior in size to those of other males Fighting with rivals

Which of the following statements correctly describes density-dependent regulatory factors of population growth? Multiple choice question. The factors of population growth operate within individual organisms or between organisms of the same species. The effects of the factor are stronger or a higher proportion of the population is affected as population size increases. The factors of population growth operate due to the nonliving components of the environment. The effects of the factor remain the same no matter what the population size.

The effects of the factor are stronger or a higher proportion of the population is affected as population size increases.

As seen in arctic hares or lemmings, when the population becomes too large, overcrowding and stress may lead to reduced ____ rates.

reproductive, fertility, reproduction, or birth

Biotic factors, those caused by living organisms, that regulate population growth tend to be density-Blank______. Multiple choice question. independent dependent

dependent

Density-Blank______ mechanisms are a result of interactions between and/or among populations. Multiple choice question. dependent independent

dependent

True or false: Density-dependent effects, such as insect population growth rates, can be dramatic.

true

Controlling a territory by threats or displays is a common way in which an species or individual controls access to environmental ______.

resources

When a new male lion from a different population takes over a pride, often that new male kills all of the cubs. This is an example of a(n) ______ interaction.

intraspecific or intraspecies

Reduced reproductive rates can be caused by Blank______. Multiple select question. too many females in a population stress crowding

stress crowding

Heavy rains in northern Africa that allow locusts to either grow or reproduce rapidly and then devastate crops is an example of how ______-dependent effects can be dramatic.

density

Which of the following is the correct definition of the equilibrium theory of island biogeography? Multiple choice question. Different gene types will be distributed in the same ratio in offspring as they occur in parents. Diversity in isolated habitats depends on rates of colonization and extinction. Two species interact with each other and one species benefits while the other remains unaffected. Gradual changes in gene frequencies occur due to random events.

Diversity in isolated habitats depends on rates of colonization and extinction.

In order to save a rare and endangered species, conservation biologists must know the critical _____ size of that species. (Use only one word per blank)

population

Populations of a species that live on separate mountaintops are similar to populations of species living on islands; therefore, conservation biologists can use Blank______ biogeography theory to help create conservation plans. Multiple choice question. continental volcanic mainland island

island

Which of the following is the correct definition of the Hardy-Weinberg principle? Multiple choice question. Random changes occur in the DNA of an organism. Random changes have a large effect in small populations. The ratio of genetic traits is the same in both the parental and offspring generations. Females choose to mate with particular males, it is not at random.

The ratio of genetic traits is the same in both the parental and offspring generations.

Gradual changes in gene frequencies due to random events are referred to as genetic ____.

drift

As a conservation biologist, you have been given the job of writing a report detailing recommendations to save a rare species. What is the one variable from the list below that is critical to the accuracy of your report? Multiple choice question. Minimum population size of the rare species Whether the rare species is experiencing stress shock from overcrowding Public popularity of the rare species Religious significance of the rare species

Minimum population size of the rare species

The founder effect describes how there Blank______. Multiple choice question. is reduced genetic diversity in small populations are less species on smaller islands is stability in genetic diversity between generations

is reduced genetic diversity in small populations

The idea that diversity in isolated habitats depends on rates of colonization and extinction is part of the equilibrium theory of ______ biogeography.

island

A drastic reduction in population size, perhaps due to a catastrophic storm, is referred to as a demographic ______.

bottleneck

The equilibrium theory of island biogeography applies to places other than islands such as Blank______. Multiple select question. large tracts of grasslands the open ocean isolated forests isolated wetlands

isolated forests isolated wetlands

As a conservation biologist, you have noticed that the species you are studying seems to have low fertility, abnormal sperm, and low offspring survival rates. You suspect the problem is that the organisms are nearly Blank______ identical and that this was caused by Blank______. Multiple choice question. physically; gene flow genetically; genetic drift reproductively; random mating

genetically; genetic drift

Stability in genetic diversity between generations is the ____-Weinberg principle.

Hardy

The number of individuals needed for the long-term survival of rare and endangered species is defined as ____ viable population size.

minimum

Genetic drift is Blank______. Multiple choice question. gradual changes in gene frequency due to random events the maintenance of gene frequencies between generations a loss of genetic diversity due to a catastrophic event where few members of a species survive the theory that smaller islands tend to have fewer species

gradual changes in gene frequency due to random events

A metapopulation is a collection of populations that have Blank______ gene flow between geographically separated units. Multiple choice question. regular or intermittent human-controlled no

regular or intermittent

Because of the potential for isolation, restricted gene flow, and nonrandom mating, small populations tend to have Blank______ genetic diversity compared to large populations. Multiple choice question. less equal more

less

Field mice live in several distinct habitat patches with individuals occasionally moving among and between these patches. This is an example of a(n) Blank______. Multiple choice question. metapopulation drifting population bottleneck population

metapopulation

Which of the following describes a demographic bottleneck? Multiple choice question. It involves a drastic reduction in population size. Mating occurs only between related individuals. It involves gradual changes in gene frequencies due to random events. Selection favors individuals that can survive in a habitat.

It involves a drastic reduction in population size.

A habitat that produces surplus individuals that migrate to new locations in a metapopulation is a Blank______, whereas a habitat that receives individuals from other regions is a Blank______. Multiple choice question. source; sink sink; source

source; sink

Why do scientists suspect that cheetahs went through a genetic bottleneck? Multiple choice question. There is fossil evidence of a massive die-off of cheetahs. Cheetahs have the same spot patterns. All living male cheetahs are nearly genetically identical. Cheetahs are genetically similar to lions.

All living male cheetahs are nearly genetically identical.

Minimum viable population size refers to the Blank______. Multiple choice question. phenomenon of larger islands having more species number of individuals needed for the long-term survival of a species number of fish that can be caught without causing overfishing maintenance of gene frequencies across generations

number of individuals needed for the long-term survival of a species

A collection of populations that have regular or intermittent gene flow between geographically separated units is called a(n) ______.

metapopulation

The northern spotted _____ is a metapopulation that lives in patches of habitat in the Pacific Northwest.

owl

On the figure, based on the direction of the arrows, the dark areas are Blank______ habitats. Multiple choice question. sink better isolated source

source

A metapopulation is a collection of populations that have Blank______ gene flow between geographically separated units. Multiple choice question. no regular or intermittent human-controlled

regular or intermittent

chapter 5 Flashcards

(74 cards)