Chapter 5

Question 1

A brick, stone, concrete block, glass block, or hollow clay tile intended to be laid in mortar

Answer 1

Masonry Unit

Question 2

A substance used to join masonry units, consisting of cementitious materials, fine aggregate, and water

Answer 2

Mortar

Question 3

A rectangular building block made of clay or shale, either fired or unfired

Answer 3

Brick

Question 4

One who builds with bricks, stones, or concrete masonry units; one who works with concrete

Answer 4

Mason

Question 5

Inert particles, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, or expanded minerals, in a concrete or plaster mixture

Answer 5

Aggregate

Question 6

A thin, flat steel tool, either pointed or rectangular, provided with a handle and held in the hand, used to manipulate mastic, mortar, plaster, or concrete; also, a machine whose rotating steel blades are used to finish concrete slabs; to use a towel

Answer 6

Trowel

Question 7

Calcium oxide or magnesium oxide (quicklime); calcium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide (slaked lime)

Answer 7

Lime

Question 8

Calcium hydroxide produced by burning calcium carbonate to form calcium oxide (quicklime), then allowing the calcium oxide to combine chemically with water

Answer 8

Hydrated Lime

Question 9

Portland cement with dry admixtures designed to increase the workability of mortar

Answer 9

Masonry Cement

Question 10

A block or hardened concrete, with or without hollow cores, designed to be laid in the same manner as a brick or stone; a concrete block

Answer 10

Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU)

Question 11

A concrete masonry unit, usually hollow, that is larger than a brick

Answer 11

Concrete Block

Question 12

In masonry work, a corner or wall end accurately constructed with the aid of a spirit level to serve as a guide for placing the bricks in the remainder of the wall

Answer 12

Lead

Question 13

A strip of wood marked with the exact course heights of masonry for a particular building, used to make sure that all the leads are identical in height and coursing

Answer 13

Story Pole

Question 14

A small L-shaped clip, designed to hold a mason’s line precisely at the top of a course of brick or block

Answer 14

Line Block

Question 15

Bonding a concrete masonry wall together by applying a layer of glass-fiber-reinforced stucco to both its surfaces

Answer 15

Surface Bonding

Question 16

Making bricks by pressing wet clay into molds

Answer 16

Soft Mud Process

Question 17

A brick made in a mold that is wetted before the clay is placed on it

Answer 17

Water-Struck Brick

Question 18

A brick made in a mold that is wetted and then dusted with sand before the clay is placed in it (Sand-struck Brick)

Answer 18

Sand-Molded Brick

Question 19

A method of molding slightly damp clays and shales into bricks by forcing them into molds under high pressure

Answer 19

Dry Press Process

Question 20

A method of molding bricks in which a column of damp clay is extruded from a rectangular die and cut into bricks by fine wires

Answer 20

Stiff Mud Process

Question 21

A tool for holding two pieces of material together temporarily; unfired bricks piled in such a way that they can be fired without using a kiln

Answer 21

Clamp

Question 22

A fused mass that is an intermediate product of cement manufacture; a brick that is over burned

Answer 22

Clinker

Question 23

A brick selected on the basis of appearance and durability for use in the exposed surface of a wall

Answer 23

Facing Brick

Question 24

A brick of low visual quality used in a position where it will not be exposed to view

Answer 24

Backup Brick

Question 25

A kiln that is loaded and fired in discrete batches, as differentiated from a tunnel kiln, which is operated continuously

Answer 25

Periodic Kiln

Question 26

A kiln through which clay products are passed on railroad cars

Answer 26

Tunnel Kiln

Question 27

The process of applying heat to evaporate the last water from clay products before they are fired

Answer 27

Water Smoking

Question 28

The removal of water from a substance

Answer 28

Dehydration

Question 29

Corrosion; rusting; rust

Answer 29

Oxidation

Question 30

The process of transforming a material into a glassy substance by means of heat

Answer 30

Vitrification

Question 31

A thin, continuous sheet of metal, plastic, rubber, or waterproof paper used to prevent the passage of water through a joint in a wall, roof, or chimney

Answer 31

Flashing

Question 32

Classifications that relate to the resistance of bricks to freeze-thaw damage

Answer 32

Brick Grades

Question 33

Classifications that relate to the degree of uniformity and perfection in the manufacture of bricks

Answer 33

Brick Types

Question 34

A brick made from special clays to withstand very high temperatures, as in a fireplace, furnace, or industrial chimney

Answer 34

Firebrick

Question 35

A clay that, when dry, is highly resistant to decomposition by high heat

Answer 35

Fireclay

Question 36

A vertical layer of masonry that is one masonry unit thick

Answer 36

Wythe

Question 37

A brick or masonry unit laid in its most usual position, with the broadest surface of the unit horizontal and the length of the unit parallel to the surface of the wall

Answer 37

Stretcher

Question 38

In wood light framing, a structural member that spans an opening in a wall or a joist that supports other joists; in steel construction, a beam that spans between girders; in masonry, a brick or other masonry unit laid across two wythes with its end exposed in the face of the wall

Answer 38

Header

Question 39

A brick laid on its long edge, with its end exposed in the face of the wall

Answer 39

Rowlock

Question 40

A brick laid on its end, with its narrow face toward the outside of the wall

Answer 40

Soldier

Question 41

A mortar joint whose profile resembles the letter V

Answer 41

Vee Joint

Question 42

A mortar joint tooled into a curved, indented profile

Answer 42

Concave Joint

Question 43

A mortar joint that has had the mortar scraped out to a significant depth from the outer surface of the wall

Answer 43

Raked (Stripped) Joint

Question 44

A beam that carries the load of a wall across a window or door opening

Answer 44

Lintel

Question 45

A spanning device in which masonry units in successive courses are cantilevered slightly over one another; a projecting bracket of masonry or concrete

Answer 45

Corbel

Question 46

A structural device that supports a vertical load by translating it into axial, inclined forces as its supports

Answer 46

Arch

Question 47

Temporary formwork for an arch, dome, or vault

Answer 47

Centering

Question 48

The area of masonry resisting thrust at the ends of a structural arch

Answer 48

Spandrel

Question 49

Brick that has been shaped by rubbing it on abrasive stone

Answer 49

Gauged Brick

Question 50

An arch made from masonry units that are rectangular rather than wedge shaped

Answer 50

Rough Arch

Question 51

Rock formed by the solidification of magma

Answer 51

Igneous Rock

Question 52

Rock formed from materials deposited as sediments, such as sand or sea shells, which form sandstone and limestone, respectively

Answer 52

Sedimentary Rock

Question 53

A rock created by the action of heat or pressure on a sedimentary rock or soil

Answer 53

Metamorphic Rock

Question 54

Igneous rock with visible crystals of quartz and feldspar

Answer 54

Granite

Question 55

A dark gray to black fine-grained igneous rock

Answer 55

Basalt

Question 56

A sedimentary rock consisting of calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, or both

Answer 56

Limestone

Question 57

A sedimentary rock formed from sand

Answer 57

Sandstone

Question 58

Water contained in limestone at the time it is removed from the earth

Answer 58

Quarry Sap

Question 59

A brownish or reddish sandstone

Answer 59

Brownstone

Question 60

A sandstone that is gray to blue-gray in color and splits readily into thin slabs

Answer 60

Bluestone

Question 61

A metamorphic form of clay, easily split into thin sheets

Answer 61

Slate

Question 62

A metamorphic rock formed from limestone by heat and pressure

Answer 62

Marble

Question 63

Rough building stone gathered from riverbeds and fields

Answer 63

Fieldstone

Question 64

Stone masonry made with unsquared stones

Answer 64

Rubble Masonry

Question 65

Building stone cut to a rectangular shape

Answer 65

Dimension Stone

Question 66

Large rectangular slabs of quarried stone

Answer 66

Cut Stone

Question 67

Squared stonework

Answer 67

Ashlar

Question 68

Flat stones used for paving or flooring

Answer 68

Flagstone

Question 69

Artificial stone, usually made from portland cement concrete

Answer 69

Manufactured Stone

Question 70

A hollow masonry unit made of glass

Answer 70

Glass Block

Question 71

Concrete formulated so as to contain a large percentage of gas bubbles as a result of a chemical reaction that takes place in an atmosphere of steam

Answer 71

Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC)

Question 72

A process of removing defective weathered mortar and replacing it with new mortar

Answer 72

Tuck Pointing

Question 73

A powdery deposit on the face of a surface of masonry or concrete, caused by the leaching of chemical salts by water migrating from within the structure to the surface

Answer 73

Efflorescence

Question 74

A brick that has been molded with small hollow passages through its height so as to facilitate drying and firing and to make the brick lighter in weight

Answer 74

Cored Brick

Question 75

A brick that has been molded with a recess in its largest surface so as to facilitate drying and firing and to make the brick lighter in weight

Answer 75

Frogged Brick

Question 76

A brick that has been molded with large internal passages through its height so as to accept reinforcing bars and grout

Answer 76

Hollow Brick