Chapter 5 Flashcards
(89 cards)
1
Q
Medieval Period
A
500-1400
2
Q
Romanesque time
A
500-1100
3
Q
Gothic Time
A
1100-1400
4
Q
Key figures of medieval times
A
St. Thomas Aquinas, St. Francis (founded monks), Dante (Thinker)
5
Q
labor union roots
A
come from guilds
6
Q
main constructions of medieval times
A
churches and castles/fortresses
7
Q
who directed church contruction
A
monks
8
Q
sole patron of the arts in medieval times
A
Church
9
Q
guiding philosophy
A
otherworldliness, unlike Greece and Rome
10
Q
core of Christianity
A
doctrine of salvation
11
Q
Core value of medieval religion
A
life to be endured, not enjoyed
12
Q
main virtue
A
poverty
13
Q
tool of devil
A
worldly goods
14
Q
main movement of MA
A
monasticism
15
Q
most time of monks spent
A
prayer, labor, intellectual study
16
Q
monks’ vows
A
poverty, obedience, industry, chastity
17
Q
why a vow of labor?
A
reduces passion
18
Q
Christians condemned what culture
A
Greek
19
Q
heretical treatment
A
torture or burning; get out of this by repenting and do penance. “Those who believed heretical doctrines were burned at the stake”
20
Q
Greek writers banned
A
Plato and Aristotle
21
Q
purpose of feudalism
A
stability and protection. Political, social, economic system
22
Q
literacy
A
only monks
23
Q
secular wealth
A
feudal lords
24
Q
who were often bishops and archbishops
A
most powerful feudal lords
25
who gave feudal lords power
church
26
Medieval Art function
religious (didactic)
27
influence of MA
church (style/subject)
28
purpose of MA
teach illiterate bible stories
29
control over MA
all church, no artists
30
2nd Council of Nicaea
787 church controls substance of religious scenes, binding for 500 years
31
Strict conventions of MA
crucifixion: mother on right, St. John on left;
soldier pierced on left side;
Jesus's halo had a cross, saints only halo;
God, Jesus, angels had bare feet;
Peter short beard, Paul long beard and bald.
purpose: clear communication
32
Medieval Cathedral structure
subject to style and decoration conventions
33
floor plan
Latin cross
34
liturgy
formal service of worship, determined style of builders
35
Chancel
area in front where priest was, separating altar and choirs from congregation (facing east)
36
number 3
Trinity--triple arches, triple meter
37
Relics
believed to perform miracles--attracted many pilgrims
38
around the chancel
passage called ambulatory, around the apse, which is the circle on top
39
common people during worship
given rosary to say prayers, since they didn't know Latin
40
music function
religious
41
Medieval music characteristics
simple and unpretentious and vocal and monophonic
42
most important musical aspect
text
43
mandorla
emanating ring of radiance around Jesus
44
centers of wealth and social organizatoin
monasteries
45
Romanesque influences
Byzantine, Roman, Carolingian, (Ottoman)
46
Romanesque--term
style influenced mainly by Romans marked by stark simplicity and rounded arch
47
Europe could give attention to arts/had a new civilization because
law and order restored and barbarians are defeated
48
Vital to new artistic spirit
roads in N. Europe, fostering trade and commerce
49
peacetime causes of Romaneque art
roads, barbarians, feudalism, economic stability
50
Romanesque builders
monks/friars
51
Romanesque arch origins
from Romans, from Etruscans
52
gloomy atmosphere of Romanesque monasteries
gave spirit of quiet renunciation and presence of God
53
Romanesque, unlike Byzantium
had no brilliant color and sensuous expression
54
Notre Dame (Poitiers)
triple arches of facade suggest Trinity, many little imperfections symbolize otherworldliness, not organic, not for beauty but retreat to find presence of God
55
San Ambragio, Milan
Nave is central isle, has bays held up by piers
56
Greek v. Romanesque
Greek is open, graceful, peace and repose. Romanesque is heavy and dark, haven from harsh life, shut out outside world
57
Romanesque sculpture purpose
didactic
58
RS seen also as
architectural
59
RS stylization
emaciated and elongated, since they deny pleasures of life
60
Why didn't Romanesque sculpture need realism
people denied the real world
61
above door and below arch
tympanum, had relief, figures of faith symbols denying pleasure.
62
Romanesque Painting
didactic
63
where are the Romanesque paintings go
burned and rotted on wood
64
popular painting topic
crucifixion
65
Santa Maria del Antiqua
crucifixion painting, Christ elongated to show denial of flesh and suffering
66
Romanesque cathedral video
maximize floor space, buttress is a pier holding up arches
| nave has 7 bays. floors are arcade, gallery, then clerestory lit the church
67
Romanesque music connected to
worship
68
types of texts
Scriptural
69
music ordered to
liturgy, in keeping with a simple ascetic faith
70
instruments
voice--banned because secular and Greek/Roman
71
music characteristics
vocal, simple, unpretentious
72
music influenced by
Byzantine (hymn tunes) and Jewish Temple (ornate melodies)
73
Greek influence on music
theory and mode names
74
Chant
monophonic, no known composers, based on church modes, rhythms derived from Latin texts
75
3 types of chant
Mozarabic (Spain), Gallican (N. Europe), Gregorian (Rome
76
Gregorian chant named after
Pope Gregory--gathered and codified it
77
Guido of Arezzo
notation and singing style
78
function of chant
express faith in God while being otherworldly
79
central church service
mass
80
2 false teachings
transubstantiation. Christ resacrificed
81
worship parts
ordinary (Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei, Ite missa est. proper (based on church year) (Introit, gradual, alleluia, offertory, communion, readings, psalms, verse of the day
82
Byzantine Chant
2 parts--melody (unified voice of church) and ison (uncreated light of God). compared to creed and word painting.
83
each mode has what
emotional significance
84
music written in
neumes on 4-line staff
85
Kyrie is what
melismatic--many notes on 1 syllable. 3 parts--eleison, Christe, eleison.
86
cadence
point of rest of melody
87
form symbolism
ABA trinity
88
Office Hours
choir monks follow, order of daily life
89
special texts in GC
canticals and psalms
