Chapter 5

Question 1

Epidermis

Answer 1

Outer layer of skin

Question 2

Dermis

Answer 2

Inner layer of the skin

Question 3

Subcutaneous layer/hypodermis

Answer 3

underneath dermis, attaches the skin to underlying adipose tissues and organs

Question 4

Keratinocytes

Answer 4

produce keratin

Question 5

Keratin

Answer 5

a tough fibrous protein that provides protection

Question 6

Melanocytes

Answer 6

produce pigment melanin

Question 7

Intraepidermal macrophages

Answer 7

Involved in immune response

Question 8

Tactical epithelial cells

Answer 8

functions in the sensation of touch

Question 9

4/5 layers of epidermis

Answer 9

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Question 10

Stratum basale

Answer 10

single layer of cuboidal or low columnar cells sitting on the basement membrane

Question 11

stratum spinosum

Answer 11

several layers of keratinocytes thick

Question 12

Stratum granulosum

Answer 12

3 to 5 layers of flat keratinocytes

Question 13

stratum lucidum

Answer 13

thin translucent zone seen only in thick skin

Question 14

stratum corneum

Answer 14

up to 30 layers of dead, scaly, keratinized cells

Question 15

Dendritic langerhans cells

Answer 15

macrophages

Question 16

Thin skin

Answer 16

hairy. covers all body regions except the palms, palmar surfaces of digits and soles

Question 17

Thick skin

Answer 17

no hair. covers palms, palmar surfaces of digits and soles

Question 18

Dermis

Answer 18

composed of connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers

Question 19

papillary region

Answer 19

Part of the dermis. Lies just below the epidermis

Question 20

Reticular region

Answer 20

Part of dermis. Consists of dense irregular connective tissue

Question 21

Hemoglobin

Answer 21

Red pigment of red blood cells

Question 22

Carotene

Answer 22

yellow pigment of vegetables and egg yolks, concentrates in stratum corneum and subcutaneous fat

Question 23

melanin pigment

Answer 23

produced by melanocytes, synthesis is stimulated by UV radiation from sunlight, produces yellow, brown, black and reddish hues

Question 24

Cyanosis

Answer 24

blueness resulting from oxygen deficiency

Question 25

Jaundice

Answer 25

Yellowing of skin & sclera due to excess of bilirubin in blood

Question 26

Erythema

Answer 26

Redness due to dilated cutaneous vessels

Question 27

Bronzing

Answer 27

Golden brown color of addison disease, deficiency of glucocorticoid hormone

Question 28

Albinism

Answer 28

Genetic lack of melanin

Question 29

Hematoma

Answer 29

Bruise (visible clotted blood)

Question 30

Superficial sensory receptors

Answer 30

type 1 cutaneous mechanoreceptors, free nerve endings, corpuscle of touch and hair plexuses

Question 31

Deep sensory receptors

Answer 31

lamellated corpuscles

Question 32

Hair composition

Answer 32

dead keratinized epidermal cells

Question 33

Hair shaft

Answer 33

above the skin

Question 34

Hair follicle

Answer 34

below the skin

Question 35

Sebaceous oil glands

Answer 35

connected to hair follicles, flask-shaped gland with duct that opens into hair follicle.

Question 36

Cause of acne

Answer 36

clogged sebaceous gland

Question 37

Sebum

Answer 37

oily secretion containing broken down cells

Question 38

Eccrine sweat glands

Answer 38

Most numerous

Question 39

Apocrine sweat glands

Answer 39

located mainly in hairy skin, produce fatty acids, respond to stress and sex

Question 40

Ceruminous glands

Answer 40

modified sweat glands located in the ear canal

Question 41

Merocrine sweat glands

Answer 41

simple tubular gland, millions of these, cool the body

Question 42

bromhidrosis

Answer 42

body odor produced by bacterial action on fatty acids

Question 43

Composition of nails

Answer 43

keratinized epidermal cells

Question 44

structure of nails

Answer 44

free edge, transparent nail body, nail root

Question 45

Ectoderm forms the

Answer 45

Epidermis

Question 46

Mesoderm forms the

Answer 46

dermis

Question 47

Burn

Answer 47

tissue damaged caused by excessive heat, electricity, radioactivity or corosive chemicals that denature the proteins in the skin cells

Question 48

first-degree burn

Answer 48

involves only the epidermis

Question 49

second-degree burn

Answer 49

destroys epidermis and part of the dermis

Question 50

third-degree burn

Answer 50

full thickness burn, destroys epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer