Lymphatic System Flashcards by Porter Koury

The lymphatic system functions to (3)

1)drain interstitial fluid 2)transport dietary fats 3) carry out immune responses

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Lymphatic capillaries merge to form BLANK which have BLANK

lymphatic vessels which have thin walls and many valves

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Lymphatic vessels/lymphatics do what

return interstitial fluid and leaked plasma proteins back to blood

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once interstitial fluid enters lymphatics it is called

lymph

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lymphatic vessels are also called BLANK end vessels

dead end

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lymphatic capilaries are made of

simple squamous epithelal lining

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from lymphatic vessels, lymph passes through BLANK and then into BLANK

lymph nodes and then into lymph trunks

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lymph trunks include

lumbar, intestinal, bronchomediastinal, subclavian and jungular trunks

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lymph trunks merge to form

either the thoracic duct (left) or right lymphatic duct

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what connects the immune system to the lymphatic system

lymph nodes

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which lymph duct is larger

left/thoracic

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left/thoracic duct drains

left upper side and both lower extremeties

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right thoracic duct drains

right upper extremities and head

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Lymph nodes serve as the

check point for cells and foreign invaders

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the lymph ducts empty lymph into

the junction of jugular and subclavian veins of the cardiovascular system

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afferent lymphatic vessels

carry lymph from capillaries to nodes

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lymphatic capilaries

absorb interstitial fluid and pass lyph to afferent lymphatic vessels

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lymph nodes do 2 things to cells

1) destroy cells immediately 2) take parts of foreign invaders to build army against it

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lymph is propelled by (4)

skeletal muscle contraction, presure changes in thorax during breathing, valves to prevent backflow, pulsation of nearby arteries

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primary lymphatic organs

1) red bone marrow 2) thymus

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which cell stays in bone marrow

B cells

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in the thymus, cells learn

self tolerance: not to destroy cells, immunocompetnece ability to recognize and bind to proteins - self tolerance comes before immunocompetence

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secondary lymphatic organs and tissues

lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic nodules

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which cells migrate from the bone marrow to the thymus

T cells

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where do cells become immmunocompetent

in the thymus

what happens in the spleen

red blood cell recycling

what happens in the lymphatic nodues

second line of defense where we filter for pathogens and screen blood

principal lymphoid organ of the body

lymph node

lymph nodes are embedded

in connective tisssue in clusters along lymphatic vessels.

in the lymph nodes, cell "soldiers" become

activated

lymph nodes are located

near body surfaces in inguinal, axillary and cervical regions of the body

in a lymph node, there is more BLANK flow than BLANK flow

affarent than efferent

in a lymph node, B cells are located in

germinal center in secondary lymphatic nodules

in a lymph node, T cells are located in the

medulla

spleen contains

red pulp and white pulp

white pulp

areas where lymphatic tissue, where T cells become immunocompetent

red pulp

filled with sinusoidal capillaries, where red blood cells will be removed from circulation and broken down

venous sinuses are found in

red pulp

which is the largest lymphoid organ

spleen

where do the splenic artery and vein enter and exit

hilum

functions of spleen

cleanses blood of aged cells and platelets, macrophages remove debris, site of lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response

white pulp is located

around central arteries- involve in immune functions

red pulp is located

in venous sinuses and splenic cords

lymphoid tissue houses and provides

proliferation site for lymphocytes

lymphoid tissue is made of

reticular/loose connective tissue

two types of lymphoid tissue

diffuse lymphoid tissue and lymphoid follicles

lymphatic nodules are

masses of lymphatic tissue that are not surrounded by a capsule

lymphatic nodules scattered throughout the lamina propri of mucous membranes lining the gastrointestinal, urinary and reproductive and respiratory airways are referred to as

mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue or MALT

largest collection of MALT are located in the

tonsils, peyer's patches and appendix

peyer's patches are located in the

digestive tract, mainly small intestine

Innate Immunity

wide variety of body responses that serve to protect us agaisnt invasion of a wide variety of pathogens and their toxins

which type of immunity are we born with

innate immunity

two lines of defense of innate immunity

(external defenses) skin and mucous membranes, internal defenses

mechanical defenses

skin, mucous membranes, tears, saliva, mucus, cilia, epiglottis, urine flow, defecating, vomiting

chemical defenses

sebum, lysozyme, gastric juice

internal defenses

antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammation and fever

adaptive immunity

recognizes and defeats + produces specific memory to antigens: the body's ability to defend itself against specific invading agents

antigens

substances recognized as foreing that provoke immune responses

two types of adaptive immunity

cell mediated and antibody-mediated

cell-mediated

intracellular- T cells includes cancerous

antibody-mediated

humoral immunity- fluids B cells, extracellular immunity

immunogenicity

the ability to provoke immune activation response

reactivity

killing pathogens when we make T cells to attack

entire microbes or just part of microbes may act as

antigens

for an immune response to occur

B and T cells must recognize that a foreign antigent is present

B cells can recognize an dbind to antigens in

lymph, interstitial fluid or blood plasma

T cells only recognize

fragments of antigenic proteins that are processed and presented in a certain way

epitopes

small parts of a large antigen molecule act as the triggers for immune response

antigen presentation

during antigen processing when they are broken down into peptide fragments that associate with MHC molecules, the antigen-MHC complex is then inserted into the plasma membrane of a body cell

which cells make MHC II

red blood cells, recognized by CD4

which cells make MCH I

body cells, recognized my CD8

processes in cell-mediated immunity

1) antigen is recognized and bound 2) a small number of T cells proliferate and differentiate into a clone of effector cells. 3)antigen is eliminated ALSO produces memory cells

processes in antibody-mediated immunity

1) an antigen is recognized and bound 2)helper T cells constimulate the B cell so the B cell can proliferate and differentiate into a clone of effector cells that produce antibodies 3)antigen is eliminated

first immunoglobulin to be secreted

IGM

Lymphatic System Flashcards

(74 cards)