Chapter 5

Question 1

MAKE SURE YOU KNOW THE DIAGRAM

Answer 1

LAYERS OF SKIN IS IMPORTANT

Question 2

skin

Answer 2

the largest organ, varies from 1.5 to 4.0mm and two regions (epidermis and dermis)

Question 3

functions of integumentary system

Answer 3

cushions and insulates the deeper organs
protects entire body from trauma protect from harmful chemicals, heat/cold, and bacteria
prevent water loss
control temp
eliminates waste
blocks UV radiation

Question 4

epidermis

Answer 4

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 5

four types of cells of epidermis

Answer 5

keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells, and langerhans

Question 6

keratinocytes

Answer 6

produce keratin

Question 7

melanocytes

Answer 7

produce melanin

Question 8

merkel cells

Answer 8

associated with sensory receptors (amplify sensation)

Question 9

langerhans

Answer 9

involved in immune response

Question 10

layers of epidermis deepest to most superficial

Answer 10

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum

Question 11

stratum basale

Answer 11

basal layer, single row of mitotic keratincytes

Question 12

stratum spinosum

Answer 12

spiny layer, “thorns” contains langerhans

Question 13

stratum granulosum

Answer 13

granular layer, keratinization begins

Question 14

stratum lucidum

Answer 14

clear layer, located only on thick skin, consists of rows of dead keratinocytes

Question 15

stratum corneum

Answer 15

horny layer, most superficial, keratinocytes are dead

Question 16

dermis

Answer 16

bulk of the skin, just deep to the epidermis, consists of CTP, and two layers (papillary and reticular)

Question 17

papillary layer

Answer 17

superficial layer, 20% of the dermis, consists of areolar CT, contains dermal papillae and epidermal ridges

Question 18

dermal papillae

Answer 18

fingerlike projections that project into the overlying epidermis

Question 19

epidermal ridges

Answer 19

increase friction and enhance gripping

Question 20

reticular layer

Answer 20

80% of the dermis, consists dense irregular CTP, thick collagen fibers giving skin its strength while elastic fibers allow the skin to stretch and recoil, and flexure lines

Question 21

flexure lines

Answer 21

indicate where the dermis attaches tightly to underlying structures

Question 22

hypodermis

Answer 22

fatty layer just deep to the skin,
contains both areolar and adipose tissue,
not truly part of the integumentary system,
helps anchor skin,
acts as insulator

Question 23

what contributes to skin color?

Answer 23

melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin

Question 24

melanin

Answer 24

yellow to reddish to brown to black

Question 25

carotene

Answer 25

yellow-orange

Question 26

hemoglobin

Answer 26

protein in blood that produces pinkish blue

Question 27

appendages of the skin

Answer 27

derivatives of the epidermis that extend into the dermis | examples: hair, hair follicles, oil glands, sweat glands, nails

Question 28

hair

Answer 28

flexible strand of dead keratinized cells

Question 29

parts of hair

Answer 29

root: embedded in skin shaft: projects above the skin surface

Question 30

hair follicles

Answer 30

extend from the epidermal surface to the dermis consist of epithelial layers and a CT layer produce the cells that make a hair serve to anchor the hair associated with arrector pili (goosebumps)

Question 31

sebaceous glands

Answer 31

``` oil glands associated with hair follicles secrete sebum that: collects dirt softens hair and skin prevent epidermis from cracking slow water loss provide antibacterial properties ```

Question 32

sweat (sudoriferous) glands

Answer 32

2.5 million sweat glands, 500ml produced daily serve to cool the body eliminate waste (salt, urea, ammonia, uric acid) inhibit growth of bacteria

Question 33

four types of sweat glands

Answer 33

eccrine, apocrine, ceruminous, mammary

Question 34

eccrine glands

Answer 34

most numerous type, response to heat and stress

Question 35

apocrine glands

Answer 35

(armpit) confirmed to the axillary, anal, and genital containing lipids and proteins produce an odor when broken down by bacteria

Question 36

ceruminous

Answer 36

earwax

Question 37

mammary

Answer 37

milk

Question 38

nails

Answer 38

scale-like modifications of the epidermis help us pick up objects composed of keratin formation and structure is analogous to hairs