Chapter 10

Question 1

types of muscle tissue

Answer 1

skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle

Question 2

skeletal muscle

Answer 2

striated (banded)
attached to bones
voluntary

Question 3

cardiac muscle

Answer 3

striated and branching
walls of the heart
involuntary controlled

Question 4

smooth muscle

Answer 4

non-striated
walls of hollow organs (digestive organs)
involuntary controlled

Question 5

functions of muscle tissue

Answer 5

movement (moving blood, food)
maintenance of posture
joint stabilization
heat generation (exercising)

Question 6

functional characteristics of muscle tissue

Answer 6

contractibility, excitability, extensibility, and elasticity

Question 7

contractibility

Answer 7

can forcibly shorten

Question 8

excitability

Answer 8

can be stimulated by nerve impulses

Question 9

extensibility

Answer 9

can be stretched

Question 10

elasticity

Answer 10

can recoil after it has been stretched

Question 11

connective tissue coverings

Answer 11

epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

Question 12

epimysium

Answer 12

dense irregular CT that surrounds an entire muscle

Question 13

perimysium

Answer 13

fibrous CT tissue that surrounds fascicles (groups of muscle fibers)

Question 14

endomysium

Answer 14

fine CT layer that surrounds each muscle fiber in a fascicle

Question 15

skeletal muscle (contains)

Answer 15

muscle tissue
nerves
blood
connective tissue coverings

Question 16

muscle attachments

Answer 16

can either attached to bones directly or indirectly
origin (attachment point)
-the less movable attachment of a muscle
insertion
-the more movable attachment of a muscle

Question 17

microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 17

skeletal muscle fibers

- contain myofibrils, the organelles that are responsible for the contraction of the cell
 - enclosed by the sarcolemma (the plasms membrane of a muscle fiber)

Question 18

sarcomeres

Answer 18

the segments that make up a myofibril

Question 19

important structures associated with the sarcomeres

Answer 19

Z discs (lines)
thin (actin) filaments
thick (myosin) filaments
A bands (dark bands)
I bands (light bands)
H bands (halfway)
M lines (midline)

Question 20

muscle contraction

Answer 20

sliding filament theory

• contraction of a muscle cell occurs when the myosin heads (of the thick filaments) attach to the actin (thin) filaments and pull the thin filaments to the center of the sarcomere
• the Z discs move closer together as the muscle cell contracts
  - this process is repeated many times as contraction continues

Question 21

microscopic anatomy (largest to smallest )

Answer 21

muscle
fascicle
muscle fiber
myofibril
sarcomere
myofilaments

Question 22

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 22

a specialized type of endoplasmic reticulum
surrounds each myofibril
stores and releases calcium ions (Ca2+) which allow the filaments to attach and slide past each other

Question 23

T tubules

Answer 23

extensions of the sarcolemma that wrap around the myofibrils

help to conduct the nerve impulses deep into the muscle fiber

Question 24

intercalated discs

Answer 24

complex junctions between cardiac muscle cells

allow the cells of the heart to beat simultaneously

Question 25

cardiac muscle

Answer 25

located in the heart wall involuntary controlled fibers striated and branching contains a large abundance of mitochondria

Question 26

smooth muscle

Answer 26

``` located in: inside the eye walls of the circulatory vessels respiratory tubes digestive tubes urinary organs reproductive organs non-striated involuntarily controlled ```

Question 27

contraction of smooth muscle

Answer 27

fibers contain actin and myosin filaments but NO SARCOMERES peristalsis (this motion will propel substances through organs)

Question 28

peristalsis

Answer 28

when smooth muscle contracts it causes waves of contraction and relaxation through the surrounding connective tissues